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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what route of medication administration provides the most rapid onset
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I.V
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how are medications classified
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general, chemical and therapeutic
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what is an astigent and what is it used for
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medication that cause shrinkage of the skin and mucous membranes
used to stop seepage, weeping or discharge from the cumous membranes |
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what is aluminum acetate solution (burrow's solution, Domeboro) used for
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used as a wet to dry dressing for the relief of inflammatory conditions of the skin, like athlete's foot, poison ivy, swelling, external otitis, bruises and insect bites
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what are used to treat various skin afflictions
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calamine, zinc oxide, glycerin, and bentonite magma in calcium hydroxide
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what is a emollient
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bland or fatty substances that may be applied to the skin to make it more pliable and soft
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what are some examples of emollients
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theobroma oil (cocoa butter), petrolatum (petroleum jelly) and zinc oxide
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what are expectorants and antitussives
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commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of the common cold or bronchitis
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what drug combination is used to relieve the symptoms of the common cold
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guaifenesin and codeine phosphate (Robitussin AC)
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what are nasal decongestants
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meds that reduce congestion and the swelling of mucous membranes
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what are some examples of nasal decongestants
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psudoephedrine hydrochloride (sudafed), pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and triprolidine hydrochloride (actifed), and psudoephedrine and guaifensin (mucines D)
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what are antihistamines used for
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to counteract the physical symptoms that are caused by histamines
also can be used to treat motion sickness or as a nighttime sleep aid |
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what are some examples of antihistamines
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diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl), chlorpheniramine maleate (ChlorTrimeton), meclizine hydrochloride (Antivert, Bonine), dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
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what do Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonist due
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block histamines that cause an increase of gastric acid secretion in the stomach
they are effective in preventing complications of peptic ulcer disease |
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what is Cimetidine (Tagamet) used for
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short term treatment and amitenance of active duodenal and benign gastric ulcers
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what is Ranitidine (Zantac) used for
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short term treatment and maintenance in active duodenal and benign gastric ulcers to promote healing of duodenal ulcers
also used to tread GERD |
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what are antacids used for
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used to counteract hyperacidity in the stomach
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what may result from the prolonged use of Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia USP)
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kidney stones
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what is a potential side effect of Aluminum Hydroxide Gel (Amphojel)
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may cause constipation
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what do antiseptics due
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suppress the growth of microorganisms
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what due germicides due
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kill susceptible organisms
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historically what is one of the first antiseptic used
in current day it is used as a standard of effectiveness against which all other antiseptics are measured |
Phenol (carbolic acid)
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what is Povidone-iodine (Betadine) most commonly used for
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as a preoperative skin antiseptic
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a solution of what percent of isoprpyl alchol is used as a skin antiseptic
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70
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why must Hexachlorophene (pHisoHex) not be used on premature infants, denuded skin, burns, or mucous membranes
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it is a neurotoxin
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when is hydrogen peroxied routinely used
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to cleanse pus-producing wounds and in the treatment of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG also known as trench mouth
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what is the most common side effect of silver nitrate
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the skin turns black where the silver nitrate comes in contact with it; the effect is not harmful
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what were the first effective chemotherapeutic agents to be available in safe therapeutic dosage ranges
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sulfonamides
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when was penicillin introduced
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1941
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what is used to treat urinary tract infections and acute otitis media
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sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin):
Trimethoprim and Sufamethoxazole (Bactrim, Sepra) |
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what is silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene Cream)
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a topical antimicrobial agent used to treat second and third degree burns to prevent wound sepsis
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what is used to treat susceptible infections like meningcoccal meningitis, anthrax and gonorrhea
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Penicillin G, Aqueous
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what is used to treat penicillin G-resistant staphylococci
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Dicloxacillin Sodium (dynapen)
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what are cephalosporins
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a group of semi-synthetic derivatives of cephalosporin C, an antimicrobial agent of fungal orgin
antibiotic |
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what was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic and when was it introduced
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tetracyclines introduced in 1948
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what are aminoglycosides
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a group of medications that share chemical,antimicrobial, phamacologic, and toxic characterisitics, and that are effective agianst most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms
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what must be monitored when taking gentamicin sulfate (garamycin)
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renal and hepatic function to determine when toxic levels are reached
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what are macrolides
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antibiotics constituting a large group of bacteriostatic agents that inhibit protein synthesis
effective against gram-positive cocci, Neisseria, Hemophilus, and mycobacteria |
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what is the drug of choice when penicillin is contraindicated
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erythromycin (E-Mycin, Ilotycin)
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what are antifungals used for
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inhibit or suppress the grownh of fungi, dermatophytes, or Candida
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what are antiparasitics used for
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the destruction of parasites
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what is used to treat pediculosis capitis (head lice) and phthirus pubis (crab lice)
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Permethrin (Elimite/Nix)
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what is used to treat pinworm and roundworm infestations
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Mebendazole (Vermox)
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what is used to treat infestations of hookworm, roundworm, pinworm and whipworm
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Pyrantel pamoate (Antiminth) or
Rhiabendazole (Mintezol) |
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what is the drug of choice for treating acute malarial attacks
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Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen)
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what are some examples of Laxatives
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Mineral oil
Lactulose (Enulose) Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) Magnesium citrate (Cirtate of magnesia) Psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid (Metamucil) Ducosate calcium (Surfak) |
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what are diuretics used for
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increase the rate of urine formation
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what are non-narcotic analgesics
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medications that relieve pain without producing unconsciousness or impairing mental capacities
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what are antipyretics used for
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to relieve or reduce fevers
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what do anti-inflammatory agents due
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counteract or suppress inflammation or the inflammatory process
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what is the most economical analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory agent available
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aspririn
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