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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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transmission of SARS?
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direct contact with respiratory secretions, fomite spread (note virus particle viable on contaminated surfaces for 48 hrs), airborne spread in droplets
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who is at highest risk for SARS and during what activities is transmission the highest?
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healthcare workers. Intubating, suctioning, manipulating patients O2 mask
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what is the healthcare response to SARS?
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N95 masks, isolate symptomatic SARS patients, quarantine asympto contacts at home or work for 10 days
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what are the key clinical features of SARS?
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2 to 10 day incubation, early flu like symptoms (higher fever), followed by 2 to 7 days of dry cough and/or dyspnea, often no URT symptoms, CXR shows pneumonia by day 7-10, lymphopenia is common, 10% fatality (50% in over 60's)
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facts about coronavirus
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enveloped, +ssRNA, largest RNA genome in viruses, range of diseases in ppl but nor usually severe, important vet pathogens
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coronaviruses typically cause what?
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resp or entiric disease, they replicate in epi cells of resp or enteric tract
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FACT!!!!
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coronavirus is 2nd most likely cause of common cold!!!!!!!
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3 groups of coronaviruses?
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group I HCoV 229E: human resp infections. Group II: HCoV OC43: human resp and enteric infections. SARS-CoV: severe acute respiratory syndrome
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proteins in coronaviruses? Difference with SARS?
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N, membrane GP, spike GP, small envelope GP, hemagglutin esterase GP (HE). SARS has no HE
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describe coronavirus genome tsln and replication.
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pos RNA, 13 to 15 ORF each for a protein, SARS has different ORF number and organization than other coronas. ORF 1 is tslned then proteased, now neg sense strand to make pos sense genome
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describe coronavirus host range and tropism.
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as a family, they infect many species. Individual coronvirus specis can only infect 1 or 2 species. Depends on virus/receptor interaction. HE GP binds 9 O acetylated NA which is on most host cells. Spike GP binds the receptor and thus gives tropism
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describe how coronaviruses can switch or add dif species as hosts.
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hosts will shed virus for a while. There is rapid adaptation and emergence of new variants gue to error prone RNA pol, homologous recombination bw dif isolates, and that the genomes tolerate mutations. Mutations are often selected in virus spike proteins changing the virus/receptor interaction
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possible reservoir/host for SARS?
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civets, ppl get them while slaughtering them
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what is the SARS receptor and what is the significance of this?
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ACE 2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), may suggest a rational therapy for SARS if there is a next time. Less ACE II leads to less angiotensin 2R and thus more lung damage
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