Coronary Vascular Disorders Chapter 28 Med Surg

Front 1

atherosclerosis

Back 1

an abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty substances and fibrous tissue in the lining of arterial blood vessel walls. these substances creat blockages and narrow the coronary vessels which reduces blood flow to the myocardium.

Front 2

Coronary Artery Disease

Back 2

narrowing or obstruction of one or more coronary arteries as a result of atherosclerosis
Causes decrease perfusion of myocardial tissue (inadequate oxygen supple) leading to hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, MI, heart failure and death. Symptoms: chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, syncope, cough, hemopytosis, excessive fatigue.

Front 3

Atheroma

Back 3

fibrous cap composed of smooth muscle cells that forms over lipid deposits within arterial vessels and that protrudes into the lumen of the vessel, narrowing the lumen and obstructing blood flow; also called plaque.

Front 4

ischemia

Back 4

insufficient oxygenation of tissue

Front 5

Risk factors for CAD

Back 5

Metabolic syndrome (Insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, proinflammatory state (high levels of c-reactive protein), prothrombic state (high fibrinogen)
Type II diabetes
Increased levels of LDL, decreased levels of HDL,
tobacco use
hyperlipidemia, gender, race, increasing age, family history

Front 6

angina pectoris

Back 6

chest pain characterized by episodes of pain or pressurein the anterior chest. it is caused by insufficient coronary blood flow, resulting in decreased oxygen supply when there is increased myocardial demand for oxygen in response to physical exercise or emotional stress (need for oxygen exceeds the supply)

Front 7

Metabolic Syndrome

Back 7

a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension . these increase risk of cardiovascular disease.

Front 8

Myocardial Infarction

Back 8

death of heart tissue caused by lack of oxygenated blood flow. signs of an MI include; SOB, dyspnea, tachypnea, and crackles in lungs, N/V, cool, clammy skin, chest pain or discomfort, palpitations.

Front 9

afterload

Back 9

the amount of resistance to ejection of blood from a ventricle

Front 10

ascites

Back 10

an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 11

compliance

Back 11

the elasticity or amount of give when blood enters the ventricle

Front 12

CHF

Back 12

condition in which the heart can't pump enough blood to the body's other organs. As blood flow out of the heart slows, blood returning to the heart through the veins backs up, causing congestion in the tissues. Often swelling (edema) results. Most often there's swelling in the legs and ankles, sometimes in the lungs causing shortness of breath.

Front 13

Left sided heart failure

Back 13

signs are evident in the pulmonary system; dyspnea, tachypnea, crackles, dry, hacking cough, increased BP (fluid excess), or decreased BP (pump failure).

Front 14

Right sided heart failure

Back 14

signs evident in the systemic circulation; dependent edema, jugular vein distension, abd distension, hepatomegaly, anorexia, nausea, weight gain, increased BP (from fluid), decreased BP (from pump failure)