Coronary Risk Factors And Physical Fitness

Front 1

4 majors types of cardiovascular disease.

Back 1

1. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
2. Cerebrovascular Disease
3. Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)
4. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Front 2

Function of the coronary arteries?

Back 2

Supply the myocardium with oxygen.

Front 3

What is the trigger for approximately 95% of all heart attacks?

Back 3

Plaque rupture followed by blood clot.

Front 4

Symptoms of heart attack.

Back 4

Chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness, anxiety, weakness, cold sweat, pain in the left shoulder or arm.

Front 5

8 major risk factors for CAD.

Back 5

1. Abnormal Blood Cholesterol
2. Hypertension
3. Cigarette smoking
4. Prediabetes
5. Family History
6. Sedentary lifestyle
7. Obesity
8. Age

Front 6

Abnormal Blood Cholesterol Risk Factors

Back 6

Total Cholesterol > or = 200 mg/dl
LDL Choloesterol > or = 130 mg/dl
HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dl
Taking medication for blood cholesterol

Front 7

Hypertension Risk Factors

Back 7

Resting systolic/diastolic blood pressure > or = 140/90 mm Hg on two or more separate occasions
Taking antihypertensive medication

Front 8

Cigarette Smoking Risk Factors

Back 8

Current cigarette smokers
Those who quit within previous 6 months
Those exposed to evironmental tobacco smoke

Front 9

Family History Risk Factors

Back 9

Heart attack, coronary bypass surgery, angioplasty, or sudden cardiac death before age 55 years in your father or male first-degree relative or 65 years in your mother or first-degree relative.

Front 10

Prediabetes Risk Factors

Back 10

Fasting blood glucose of 100-125 mg/dl on two separate occasions

Front 11

Sedentary Lifestyle Risk Factors

Back 11

Not participating in at least 30 minutes of activity, 3 days per week for at least 3 months.

Front 12

Obesity Risk Factors

Back 12

Body mass index (BMI) > or = to 30 kg/m*2
Waist Circumference >40 inches in males or >35 inches in females

Front 13

Age Risk Factors

Back 13

Males: age 45 and older
Females: age 55 and older

Front 14

Leading cause of death in the U.S. for men and women.

Back 14

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) with approx. 788,000 deaths annually.

Front 15

Coronary Artery Disease is...?

Back 15

the buildup of fatty plaque in the coronary arteries, which are located in the myocardium.

Front 16

Plaque rupture can be triggered by...?

Back 16

sudden increases in blood pressure and heart rate, increases in blood levels of hormones cal caecholamines, and sudden vigorous exercise in previously sedentary individuals.

Front 17

How many heart attacks occur annually? And how many occur at rest? How many are fatal?

Back 17

1 Million heart attacks occur annually with over 90% of them occurring at rest. Approximately 35% are fatal.

Front 18

Cerebrovascular disease is...?

Back 18

a buildup of fatty plaque and/or blood clots in the arteries leading to or within the brain.

Front 19

The leading cause of serious long-term disability in the US is...? How many occur? How many are fatal?

Back 19

Stroke. About 795,000 strokes a year. Accounts for approximately 16% of cardiovascular disease.

Front 20

Warning signs of a stroke...?

Back 20

sudden severe headache
unexplained dizziness or sudden falls
sudden dimness or loss of vision
sudden difficulty speaking or trouble understanding speech
sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg on one side of the body

Front 21

Chronic Heart Failure is...?

Back 21

gradual failure of the heart muscle to fill and/or pump properly.

Front 22

Define edema.

Back 22

buildup of fluid around the heart, lungs, and ankles, with abnormal enlargement of the heart, ultimately resulting in death.

Front 23

Leading causes of CHF...?

Back 23

Hypertension, diabetes, heart valve disease, and aging.

Front 24

CHF causes what percentage of CVD deaths annually?

Back 24

7.2%

Front 25

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is...?

Back 25

Buildup of fatty plaque/clots in the arteries leading to or within the extremities (particularly the legs).

Front 26

Lifestyle factors that decrease (or modify) LDL cholesterol.

Back 26

decrease saturated and hydrogenated fat intake
decrease cholesterol intake
increase soluble fiber intake
increase physical activity level
decrease percent body fat
manage stress effectively
control diabetes

Front 27

Lifestyle factors that increase HDL cholesterol.

Back 27

increase physical activity level
decrease percent body fat
quit using tobacco products
decrease blood triglyceride levels
increase monounsaturated fat intake
reduce simple and refined carbohydrate intake

Front 28

Links to hypertension include:

Back 28

excessive sodium intake
excessive alcohol intake
sleep apnea
inadequate intake of unrefined plant-based foods
obesity (especially upper body)
genetics
chronic stress
sedentary lifestyle
tobacco use
insulin resistance
aging

Front 29

What is the eating plan that significantly decreases resting blood pressure in hypertensive individuals and what does it consist of?

Back 29

DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stopping Hypertension); fruits, vegetables, legumes (beans and peas), whole grains, and low-fat dairy

Front 30

Lifestyle factors that improve blood glucose/insulin levels.

Back 30

increase physical activity level
decrease percent body fat
emphasize prudent diet

Front 31

To promote and maintain health, Physical Activity Recommendations from the ACSM and the AHA.

Back 31

All healthy adults aged 18-65 years need: 150 mins/week of moderate intensity aerobic activity or 75 mins/week of vigorous intensity aerobic activity.

Front 32

To have significant weight loss, how much physical activity is recommended?

Back 32

Building up to 300 minutes of moderate intensity activity per week or 150 minutes of vigorous intensity activity per week.

Front 33

Percentage of American adults that are obese?

Back 33

70%

Front 34

BMI formula.

Back 34

BMI = weight in pounds X 703 / (height in inches)*2

kg/m*2

Front 35

2 Contributing factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).

Back 35

1. Elevated Blood Triglyceride Levels <150 mg/dl is considered normal
2. Stress

Front 36

Metabolic Syndrome is...?

Back 36

Persons with multiple risk factors have Metabolic Syndrome. Meets 3 of the following criteria:
-elevated blood triglyceride levels
-low HDL
-abdominal obesity
-elevated fasting blood glucose level
-elevated resting blood pressure

Front 37

Total Cholesterol Level Categories

Back 37

<200 mg/dl is desirable
200-239 mg/dl is borderline high
> or = to 240 mg/dl is high

> or = to 200 mg/dl is major risk factor

Front 38

LDL Cholesterol Level Categories

Back 38

<100 mg/dl is considered optimal
100-129 mg/dl is considered near optimal/above optimal
130-159 mg/dl is considered borderline high
160-189 mg/dl is considered high
> or = to 190 mg/dl is considered very high

> or = to 130 mg/dl is major risk factor for CAD

Front 39

HDL Cholesterol Level Categories

Back 39

<40 mg/dl is considered low
40-59 mg/dl is considered normal
> or = to 60 mg/dl is considered high and very desirable

<40 mg/dl is major risk factor

Front 40

Blood Pressure Level Categories

Back 40

<120/80 mmHg is considered normal
120-139/80-89 mmHg is considered prehypertension
140-159/90-99 mmHg is stage 1 hypertension
> or = to 160/100 mmHg is stage 2 hypertension

> or = to 140/90 mmHg on two separate occasions is major risk factor

Front 41

Fasting Blood Glucose Level Categories

Back 41

70-99 mg/dl is normal
100-125 mg/dl on two separate occasions is prediabetes
>125 mg/dl on two separate occasions is diabetes

100-125 mg/dl is major risk factor

Front 42

Obesity Level Categories

Back 42

BMI <18.5 kg/m*2 is underweight
BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m*2 is normal weight
BMI 25 -29.9 kg/m*2 is overweight
BMI > or = to 30 kg/m*2 is obese

waist circumference >35 inches for females is obese
waist circumference >40 inches for males is obese

BMI > or = to 30 kg/m*2 is major risk factor
waist circumference >35 in for females and >40 in for males is major risk factor