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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Myocardial Ischemia ? |
Ischemia of the myocardium caused by an imbalance b/w the Supply and demand for oxygen and other essential nutrients. |
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2 ways in which the Supply to the myocardium can be affected ? |
- 1.Mechanical Obstruction - 2.Reduced flow in oxygenated blood |
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Examples for Mechanical obstruction to the coronary flow ?(6) |
1. Atheroma 2. Thrombosis 3. Spasms 4. Embolus 5. Coronary Ostial Narrowing 6. Coronary Arteritis |
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Examples of decreased flow of oxygenated blood to the myocardium? |
- Anemia - Carboxyhaemoglobulineamia - Hypotension - Causes decreased coronary perfusion pressure |
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Examples of an Increased Demand for oxygen? |
1. Thyrotoxicosis - (Increases CO, so demand increases) 2. Myocardial Hypertrophy (Demand increases) |
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What is the most common cause for Myocardial Ischaemia? |
- Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (Usually in the form of atherosclerosis) |
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What are the Non-Modifiable risk factors for CAD? |
1. Age 2. Male Sex 3. + Family Hx 4. Deletion of ACE gene |
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What are the modifiable risk factors for CAD?(10) |
1. Hyperlipidaemia 2. Hypertension 3. Cig. Smoking 4. DM 5. Lack of Exercise 6. Obesity
7.Blood Coagulation factors ( High Fibrinogen) 8.Elevated CRP 9.Homocystineamia 10. Gout
- Heavy alchohol consumption
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Name 3 drugs that lead to CAD ? |
1. OCP 2. COX-2 inhibitors 3. Rosiglitazone (Oral Hypoglycemic) |
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What is Primary Prevention of CAD? |
-It is known as the PREVENTION of the atherosclerotic disease process. |
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What is Secondary Prevention of CAD? |
- It is known as the Treatment of the atherosclerotic disease process or its complications. |
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What is Familial Hyperchloesterolemia? |
- Patients with a Total Cholesterol Conc. of over 135mg/dl and a family history of premature coronary artery disease may have Familial Hypercholesterolemia |
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List a few steps in Lifestyle modifications ? (5-Diet , 2-Exercise and 3 others) |
Diet 1. Reduce dietary cholesterol and fat intake 2. Replace saturated fats with mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fats. 3. Reduce intake of sugar 4. Vegetable consumption should increase 5. At least 2 potions of fish/week
Exercise 1. 20 to 30mins of moderate-intensity aerobic activity/day or 2. 10 to 15mins of Vigorous intensity aerobic activity/day
- Daily alchohol intake should be reduced to 2 to 3 units - Smoking should be stopped - BP and DM should be managed well
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What is the recommended statin Rx for Primary Prevention ? |
Atorvastatin 20mg - For patients with a 10Y risk of CVD of >10% |
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What is the recommended statin Rx for Secondary Prevention in patients with established CVD? |
Atovarstatin 80mg - |
