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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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on what fiber types is pain conducted?
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a-delta (fast) and C (slow)
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in what part of the interior capsule do the corticospinals run?
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posterior limb
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course of corticospinals through brainstem
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midbrain: crus cerebri (peduncles); pons: basilar portion; medulla: pyramids (decussation)
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what syndrome often seen with ICA dissection? Whats unique about this presentation?
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HORNER'S syndrome, but only ptosis and miosis (no anhydrosis, because those fibers travel along external carotid)
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what lesion does positive rhomberg sign suggest?
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dorsal column ataxia
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what is spared in ventral (anterior) spinal artery occlusion?
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dorsal columns and dorsal horns
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fundoscopic findings in guillain-barre
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papilledema 2/2 elevated protein levels (remember albumino-cytologic dissociation)
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muscle findings in cauda equina syndrome
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muscle atrophy, absent quadriceps reflex and ankle jerk
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cauda equina vs conus medullaris syndrome
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CAUDA EQUINA: spinal roots --> unilateral pain, u/l saddle anesthesia, muscle atrophy, relatively preserved bladder/sexual function, gradual onset; CONUS MEDULLARIS: cord segments --> mild b/l pain, b/l saddle anesthesia, normal reflexes, severely impaired incontinence and bladder function, sudden onset
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ventral vs dorsal trigeminothalamic tracts
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ventral: pain and temp (like ventral spinothalamics); dorsal: discriminitive touch (like dorsal columns)
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characteristics of trigeminal neuralgia
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aka tic douloreux: recurrent paroxysms of sharp, stabbing pain in trigeminal distribution (usu in older ppl)
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tx of trigeminal neuralgia
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carbemazepine
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where are the cell bodies of the primary neurons in the auditory pathway?
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spiral ganglion
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auditory pathway from hair cells to temporal gyrus of Heschl
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hair cells --> cochlear nuclei (via spiral ganglion) --> contralateral (?and ipsilateral) superior olivary nucleus (via trapezoid body) --> lateral lemniscus --> inferior colliculus --> MGN --> cortex (transverse temporal gyri of Heschl)
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causes of conduction deafness (3)
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interruption of passage of sound waves: 1) OBSTRUCTION (eg wax); 2) OTOSCLEROSIS; 3) OTITIS MEDIA
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causes of nerve deafness
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aka sensorineural: dz of cochlea, cochlear nerve, or central auditory connections; MCC is PRESBYCUSIS
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what is presbycusis
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age-related sensorineural deafness caused by hair cell degeneration in the organ of corti
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what is weber's test?
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place vibrating tuning fork on vertex of the skull
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findings in weber's test in conduction vs sensorineural deafness
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vibration heard more loudly in affected ear with conduction loss, more loudly in normal ear with sensorineural loss
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bone conduction vs air conduction with conduction deafness
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bone conduction better than air conduction
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