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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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csf exists in what space?
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subarachnoid
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what is kernig's sign?
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clinical sign of meningitis: pt can flex hip but not extend knee without pain
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age groups most often affected by meningitis?
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70% in children < 5yo
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mcc bacterial meningitis
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infants: grp b strep, e.coli, listeria; 1-2yo: S.pneumoniae; 2-40yo: n.meningitidis; 40+: S.pneumo
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causes of viral meningitis (5)
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mumps, echovirus, coxsackie virus, EBV, HSV type 2
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symptoms of normopressure hydrocephalus
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"wacky, wobbly, wet" -- (dementia, gait ataxia, urinary incontinence)
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causes of normopressure hydrocephalus
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when CSF cannot be absorbed by arachnoid villi -- eg from hemorrhage
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what is pseudotumor cerebri?
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raised ICP from impaired CSF absorption by arachnoid villi; causes headaches worsened by coughing and straining, sometimes by eye movements; numerous visual manifestations: papilledema, enlarged blind spots, loss of peripheral VF
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epi a/w pseudotumor cerebri
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young obese females
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what is an uncal herniation?
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transtentorial herniation
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what is a tonsillar herniation?
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transforaminal herniation; protrusion of brainstem and cerebellum through foramen magnum
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what is kernohan's notch?
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damage to contralateral crus cerebri usu from mass lesion causing contralateral hemiparesis (corticospinals run through crus cerebri); can cause false localizing sign
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Clinical Signs of uncal herniation (4)
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1) Ipsilateral dilated pupil/ptsosis (stretching of CN III);
2) Contralateral homonymous hemianopia (compression of ipsilateral PCA); 3) Ipsilateral paresis (compression of contralateral corticospinals in crus cerebri -- Kernohan's notch); 4) Duret hemorrhages (displacement o BS --> small bleeding) |
None
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distribution of anterior spinal artery
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anterior 2/3 of spinal cord, brainstem
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what are the branches of the middle cerebral artery, and what do they supply?
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lateral striate arteries (penetrating branches -- putamen, globus pallidus, internal capsule); rest of MCA supplies sensory and motor cortices
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what is the anterior choroidal artery and what does it supply?
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branch of the internal carotid near circle of willis; supplies part of globus pallidus, LGN, and posterior limb of internal capsule, amygdala
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branches of the vertebral artery?
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anterior spinal artery (ASA) and posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA, supplies dorsolateral quadrant of medulla, including nucleus ambiguus)
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what does the AICA supply?
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caudal lateral pontine tegmentum (incl CN VII, spinal trigeminal tract of CN V, and inferior surface of cerebellum)
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what is major blood supply to midbrain?
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posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
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what does PCA supply?
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midbrain, thalamus, LGN, MGN
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blood supply of internal capsule
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MCA and anterior choroidal artery
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what does the superior saggital sinus drain?
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bridging veins, CSF (through arachnoid villi)
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two most common vessels a/w aneurysm
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1) Anterior communicating artery; 2) Posterior communicating arteries
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common sequela of PCoA aneurysm?
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third nerve palsy
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which artery supplies the visual cortex?
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calcarine artery (branch of PCA)
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what is AFP a marker for?
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elevated AFP: neural tube defects; reduced AFP: Down syndrome
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findings in arnold-chiari malformation
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stenosis of aqueduct; transforaminal herniation of medulla and cerebellar vermis
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what is dandy-walker malformation?
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failure to open of foramina of Luschka and Magendie --> enormous dilation of 4th ventricle;
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fraction of brain tumors that are metastatic and primary
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1/3 metastatic, 2/3 primary
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2 most common posterior fossa tumors in kids
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1) pilocytic astrocytoma; 2) medulloblastoma
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