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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Management Information systems (MIS):
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the function that plans for, develops, implements and maintains IT hardware, software and the portfolio of applications that people use to support the goals of an organization
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Information Technology
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any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization
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Information system (IS)
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group of interrelated components working to collect, process, store and disseminate the info needed to support decision making and coordination
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Types of resources
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People: end users and IS specialists
Software: programs Hardware: machines Network: Communications Data: data and knowledge |
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DAta
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raw facts that describe characteristics of event
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Information
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data covered into a meaningful and useful context
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knowledge
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information with guidance for action based upon insight
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Transactional information:
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encompasses all of the info contained within a single business process
Purpose: to support the performing of operational tasks and repetitive decisions |
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Analytical information
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encompasses all org info
purpose: support the performing of managerial analysis tasks; decision making |
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Collaboration
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Two or more people working together toward a common goal
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Two dimensions of collaboration
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Nature of complexity of work
Degree of interdependence |
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Collaboration communication systems
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Written: email, im
Verbal: phone, VOIP |
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Resource sharing systems
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Versions management software: google docs
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Asynchronous Collaboration
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Different times
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Synchronous collaboration
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same times
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Explicit knowledge
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data, documents and things written or stored on computers
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Tacit knowledge
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How to knowledge which resides with workers
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Knowledge management systems (KMS)
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help knowledge workers to create organize and make knowledge available to anyone
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Knowledge management
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resource sharing system to store and facilitate sharing knowledge
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Strategic planning
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a continuous and systematic process where people make decisions about intended future outcomes, how outcome will be accomplished and how success is measured
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Stategic information systems
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support and shape the competitive position and strategies of a business enterprise
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efficiency
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innovative operations strategy
performing activities |
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effectiveness
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product/ service innovation
fulfillment of need |
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Porters 5 forces
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1. competitors/ rivalry
2. new entrants 3.substitute products 4.bargaining power of customers 5.bargaining power of suppliers |
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Cost leadership strategy
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low cost producer or find ways to help suppliers or customers to decrease costs or increase competitor costs
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Differntiation strategy
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Differentiate product so that focus in on product for an advantage
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Innovation strategy
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find new ways to do business
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Growth strategy
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expanding capacity to produce, expand into global markets and diversify/ integrate products
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Alliance strategy
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alliance with customers, suppliers, consultants
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Broad scope with low cost advantage
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cost leadership
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Broad scope with differentiation advantage
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Differentiation
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Low Cost advantage with Narrow Scope
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Cost focus
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Narrow scope with differentiation advantage
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Differentiation forces( CORE)
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Other competitive strategies
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Lock in customers and suppliers
create switching costs: make it inconvenient to switch to competitor Raise barriers to entry Leverage investment in IT |
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Agility
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the ability of a company to prosper rapidly changing, continually fragmenting global market for high performance products
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Mass customization
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individual products in large volumes with some customization
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Four strategies for agility
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provide products as solutions
Cooperate with customers Organize to thrive on change and uncertainty Leverage the impact of its people and the knowledge they possess |
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Virtual company
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an organization that uses IT to link people, organizations assets and ideas
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Inter enterprise information system
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alliances and extralinks that link with others to create flexible and adaptable virtual groups that can adapt to fast changing business opportunities
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Ebrusiness
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the transformations of key business processes through the use of internet technology
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Cross-functional enterprise systems
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IT that integrates traditional business functions to reengineer and improve vital business processes
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CRM
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uses IT to create a cross-functional enterprise system that integrates customer service, marketing
360 view of customer |
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Goals of CRM
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Identify new markets
Leverage existing relationships to up revenue Integrate activities to improve service Assure consistent customer experience |
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3 phases of CRM
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Acquire new customers by good contact management
Enhance by cross and up selling Retain by identifying and rewarding loyal customers |
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Cross selling
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customers of 1 product buy related products
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Up-selling
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selling customer a better product than they were seeking
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Benefits of CRM
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Identify and target best customers
Real-time customization and personalization of products Track when a customer contacts Provide consistent customer experience |
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Failures in CRM
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Lack of understanding and prep
Rely on application to solve problem Business stakeholder not participating and not prepared |
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World wide Web
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method for publishing and accessing content over the internet
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Web browser
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software for navigating and viewing contents of WWW
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web page
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displayed in browser, includes formatting
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URL
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address used by browser
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webserver
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software that receives requests from browsers and sends them
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Web site
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a collection of webpages
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HTML
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language used for describing content
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Style sheet (CSS)
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a way to define rules for formatting the elements of a web page
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Web structure
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most complex/ non-linear
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Sequence structure
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most simple and linear
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Balanced structure
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balance between sequence and web.. best format
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Telecommunication system
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enables transmission of data over network
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Network
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communications, data exchange etc created by linking 2 or more computers
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Local area network
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Network within neighborhood/ building
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Metropolitan area network
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City wide network
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Wide area network
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you own your own network across long distances
faster and more secure |
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Peer to peer
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any network without a central file server and in which all computers in the networked have access to public files
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Client/ server network
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what most businesses use today
back end handled by server and front end handled by client |
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Client
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a computer that is designed to request info from a server
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server
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a computer dedicated to providing info in response to external request
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Network operating system
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operating system that runs a network steering info between computers and providing security
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packet switching
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occurs when sending computers divides into a number of efficiently sized unit
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Circuit switching
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connecting via wires to connect each point to another
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Topology
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geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and perephirals
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BUS topology
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central cable, connects all devices
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Star topology
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all connect through a central HUB
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Ring topology
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all connect to each other in a way that each device is connected to 2 other devices in a closed circle
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Hybrid topology
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Groups of star configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable
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Wireless topology
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use of receiver or router to connect
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Protocol
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a standard that specifies thae format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission
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Interoperability
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the capability of 2 or more computer systems to share data and resources even though they are made by different manufacturers
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Ethernet
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a physical and data layer technology for LAN networking
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TCP (transmission control protocol)
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provides transport functions, ensures consistency of transmit and receive
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IP
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provides the addressing and routing mechanisms that act a s a post master
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4 layers of TCP/IP
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Applications
Transportation Internet Network interface |
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Twisted-Pair Cable
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composed of 4 or more copper wires twisted around each other within plastic sheath
Twisted to decrease electrical interference |
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Coaxial cable
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cable that can carry a wide range of frequencies with low signal loss
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Virtual Private Network
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a way to use the public telecomm infrastructure to provide secure access to organization network
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Value Added network
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a private network for exchanging information at a high capacity connection
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Wifi
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linking computers using infared or radio signal
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Bluetooth
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omnidirectional wireless technology that provides limited connection to devices
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Core competencies of web 2.0
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1. Services, not packages software
2. Architecture of participation 3. Cost-effective scalability 4. Remixable data source and data transformation 5.Software above the level of single device 6.Harnessing collective intelligence |
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Web service
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Allows a program to get you data from a web server
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Web architecture
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Presentation: user interface
Action layer: code in programming language Data layer: storage and retrieval Static website: all layers handle by a single component |
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XML
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the language machine uses to structure data. makes it easy for comp to read, generate and check data
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Computer
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An electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept, manipulate and store data
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CPU
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the actual hardware that interprets and execute program and coordinates all other hardware
measured in MHz |
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Control Unit
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interprets software instructions and tells hardware what to do
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Arithmetic-logic unit
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performs all arithmetic operations and logic operations
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Random access memory
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Computer primary working memory in which program instructions and data are stored so that they can be access directly by CPU
loses info when computer shuts off |
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Read-only memory
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portion of computer's memory storage that does not lose its contents when one switches off power
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Primary storage
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RAM and ROM
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Secondary storage
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consists of equipment designed to store large volumes of data long-term storage
saves data andslower |
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Input devices
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equipment used to capture information
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Output devices
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equipment use d to see hear and accept the results of information processing requests
Printer, LCD |
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Communication device
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phone
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system software
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controls how various tech tools work together along with application
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Utility software
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Crash-proof, disk image, encrypt data, disk optimization
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Application software
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browser, communication, data management, desktop publishing, programming
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