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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alimentary canal
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AKA gastrointestinal (GI) tract
continuous tube extending from mouth to anus |
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digestion
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body breaks down ingested food into small molecules easily absorbed
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peristalsis
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substances propelled along GI tract by contractions of several layers of smooth muscle
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peptic ulcer
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lesion/erosion located in either stomach (gastric) or small intestine (duodenal - most common)
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parietal cells
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secrete 1 to 3L of hydrochloric acid in stomach mucosa daily
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Helicobacter pylori
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primary cause of peptic ulcers
gram-negative bacterium |
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anorexia
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loss of appetite
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Crohn's disease
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ulceration in the lower small intestine
combined w/ulcerative colitis = inflammatory bowel disease |
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ulcerative colitis
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erosions in large intestine
combined w/Crohn's dx = inflammatory bowel disease |
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gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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acidic contents of stomach move upwards into esophagus
causes heartburn & may lead to ulcers esophageal ulcers caused by loosening of lower esophageal sphincter |
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H2-receptor antagonist
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drug that inhibits effects of histamine at receptors in stomach
usually first choice for treating peptic ulcers |
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proton pump inhibitors
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drugs that reduce acid secretion in stomach by binding irreversibly to enzyme H+,K+-ATPase
widely used in short-term therapy of peptic ulcers |
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H+,K+-ATPase
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enzyme acting as pumpt to release acid (AKA H+ or protons) onto surface of GI mucosa
located in parietal cells of stomach |
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antacids
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alkaline substances used to neutralize stomach acid
effective at reducing s/s of reflux dx |
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constipation
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difficult or infrequent bowel movements
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dietary fiber
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substance neither digested nor absorbed that contributes to fecal mass
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defecation
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evacuation of colon
bowel movement |
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cathartic
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drug causing complete evacuation of bowel
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laxative
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drug promoting bowel movements
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diarrhea
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increase in frquency & fluidity of bowel movements
colon does not reabsorb enough water from fecal mass - stools become watery s/s of underlying dx |
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emesis
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vomiting
reflex primarily controlled by medulla of brain |
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antiemetic
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drug for prevention of nausea & vomiting
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vestibular apparatus
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portion of inner ear responsible for sense of position
associated with motion sickness |
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anorexiants
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drugs to reduce appetite
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