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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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angina pectoris |
acute pain in chest upon physical/emotional exertion |
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atherosclerosis
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build-up of fatty, fibrous plaque in walls of arteries |
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cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
(a.k.a. stroke & brain attack) |
acute condition of a blood clot or bleeding in a vessel in the brain |
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coronary arteries
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vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium |
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coronary arterial bypass graft (CABG)
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involves use of a surgically implanted vein graft to bypass obstructed area in coronary artery
uses a section of the saphenous vein or internal mammary artery |
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hemorrhagic stroke
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caused by bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain
accounts for about 20% of strokes S/S: blindness - paralysis - speech problems - coma - dementia |
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myocardial infarction
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sudden blockage of coronary artery
primary cause is advanced coronary artery disease |
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myocardial ischemia
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reduced blood supply to cardiac muscle cells
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percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
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procedure for pts with arterial narrowing due to atherosclerosis
plaque is pressed against sides of artery wall using balloon catheter/laser |
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plaque
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fatty, fibrous material that builds up on walls of arteries
accumulation may lead to hypertension, stroke, MI, or angina |
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reflex tachycardia
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temporary increase in heart rate occuring when bp falls
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stable angina
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chest pain that is predictable in duration and frequency
pain occurs with physical exertion or emotional stress |
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thrombotic stroke
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caused by blood clot blocking an artery in the brain
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unstable angina
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frequent/severe chest pain occuring while at rest
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variant angina
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chest pain caused by spasm of a coronary artery
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The classic presenation of angina pectoris is sharp pain in the 1_____ region, often moving to the 2_____ side of the neck and lower jaw and down the left 3_____. Most often this pain is preceded by 4_____ 4_____ or 5_____ 5_____. With rest, anginal pain usually subsides in less than 6_____ minutes.
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1 heart
2 left 3 arm 4 physical exertion 5 emotional excitement 6 15 |
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Lifestyle changes that may lessen the frequency of angina episodes include . . .
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- ceasing tobacco use
- limit sodium - increase potassium & magnesium intake (banana, beans, spinach, & tomatoes) - limit alcohol - implement a medically supervised exercise plan - reduce stress - reduce dietary saturated fats |
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The two treatment goals for angina are . . .
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1. reduce the frequency of angina episodes
2. terminate acute anginal pain in progress |
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nitroglycerin
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AKA: Nitrostat - Nitro-Dur
CLASS: organic nitrates ACTION: converts nitrate (NO2) to nitric oxide (NO)- dilates both arterial and venous blood vessels - reduces work required of heart & lowers myocardial oxygen demand A/E: headache - reflex tachycardia |
organic nitrates
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atenelol
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AKA: Tenormin
CLASS: beta-adrenergic blocker ACTION: selectively blocks beta1 receptors - reduces rate & force of cardiac contractions - slows heart rate (neg. chronotropic effect) - reduces contractility (neg inotropic effect) A/E: fatigue - weakness - hypotension |
beta-adrenergic blocker
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diltiazem
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AKA: Cardizem - Dilacor - Triazac
CLASS: calcium channel blocker ACTION: inhibits transport of calcium ions into myocardial cells - dilates coronary arteries - decreases coronary artery spasm A/E: headache - dizziness - edema (ankles/feet) - possible serious drug/drug interaction with digoxin or beta-adrenergic blockers |
calcium channel blocker
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reteplase
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AKA: Retavase
CLASS: thrombolytic ACTION: dissolves blood clots by activating plasminogen - restores circulation to injured/occluded blood vessels A/E: contraidicated in pts w/active bleeding * most effective if given w/i 30 min but not later than 12 hrs after onset of MI s/s |
thrombolytic
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metoprolol
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AKA: Lopressor - Toprol
CLASS: beta-adrenergic blocker ACTION: selective beta1 antagonist - reduces myocardial oxygen demand - following acute MI, is infused slowly until target heart rate reached (usually 60 - 90 bpm) A/E: bradycardia - hypotension |
beta-adrenergic blocker
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Drug therapy of stable angina is usually begun with _____ _____.
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organic nitrates
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Long-acting nitrates are often delivered through a _____ _____ to decrease the frequency and severity of anginal episodes.
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transdermal patch
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Which of the following best explains the mechanism by which organic nitrates terminate acute anginal attacks?
a. direct vasodilation of coronary arteries b. slowing heart rate c. stronger force of myocardial contraction d. dilation of peripheral veins, reducing preload |
d. dilation of peripheral veins, reducing preload
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The primary mechanism by which calcium channel blockers decrease the frequency of angina attacks is:
a. slowing conduction through the SA node b. increasing the heart rate c. increasing the strength of contraction of the myocardium d. reducing cardiac workload |
d. reducing cardiac workload
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Captopril (Capoten) or lisinopril (Prinivil) are sometimes given to MI pts to: |
c. reduce post-MI mortality
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Calcium channel blockers are only effective against _____ dysrhythmias.
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supraventricular
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A blockade of sodium channels in myocardial cells will: |
a. slow the spread of impuls conduction
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