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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
dissolution
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process of dissolving
longer dissolution time = more delayed onset of action |
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enteral
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drugs enter via digestive tract
drug entrance is oral, sublingual, or rectal one of three major routes of delivery |
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epidural
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drugs are injected into space overlying the dura mater
parenteral method of delivery |
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intra-arterial (IA)
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drugs are injected into arterial circulation
uncommon - used when drug must reach body tissues directly (anti-cancer drugs) parenteral method of delivery |
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intradermal
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drugs are injected into dermis (middle layer) of skin
used for allergic reaction tests (TB test) parenteral method of delivery |
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intramuscular (IM)
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drugs are injected into layers of muscle beneath the skin
quick onset of action due to blood flow (greater than superficial skin layers) parenteral method of delivery PROS & CONS: same as SUBQ |
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intraperitoneal (IP)
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RARELY USED IN HUMANS
drugs are injected into abdominal cavity used when fast absorption necessary parenteral method of delivery |
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intrathecal (IT)
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drugs are injected into spinal subarachnoid space
used for spinal anesthetics parenteral method of delivery |
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intravenous
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drugs are injected into venous circulation
parenteral method of delivery PROS: takes effect quickly - bypasses GI tract & liver CONS: cannot be easily reversed - risk of clots, air, or microbes |
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oral
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drugs are swallowed, chewed, or allowed to slowly dissolve in the mouth
enteral method of delivery |
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parenteral
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drugs enter body by way other than digestive tract - usually by injection
one of three major routes of delivery |
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rectal
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drugs are administered by way of rectum
entereal method of delivery |
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solubility
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drug's ability to dissolve or mix
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subcutaneous (SC or SUBQ)
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drugs are injected into hypodermis (deepest layer)of skin
parenteral method of delivery PROS: final drug concentration more predictable - drugs confined to specific location CONS: pain - swelling - tissue damage - introduction of microbes |
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sublingual
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drugs are placed under the tongue
drugs are absorbed very quickly avoids first pass effect enteral method of delivery |
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topical
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drugs are placed directly onto skin and mucous membranes
locations of delivery include nasal & respiratory passages, ears, eyes, and vagina one of three major routes of delivery |
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transdermal
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drugs are absorbed across layers of skin for purpose of entering the bloodstream
topical method of delivery |
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viscosity
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thickness of a liquid
higher liquid drug viscosity = increased difficulty in passing through body membranes |
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What are the three phases of the drug delivery process?
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1. drug administration = how drugs enter body
(enteral - parenteral - topical) 2. pharmacokinetic phase = how drugs move throughout body (absorption - distribution - metabolism - excretion) 3. pharmacodynamic phase = how drugs produce change on target (efficacy - potency) |
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A drug administered by the enteral route is one given by any route other than the digestive tract.
True or False |
FALSE
The first major route is the digestive tract, or the enteral route. p25 |
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Drugs are introduced into the body during the pharmacodynamic phase.
True or False |
FALSE
In the third phase, drugs must produce a change or an effect at a specific target. This is called the pharmacodynamic phase. p26 |
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Sublingual and rectal administration are two examples in which drugs bypass destructive enzymes of the liver.
True or False |
FALSE
Blood leaving the large intestine also does not travel directly to the liver; therefore, enzymes in the liver are LESS active in breaking down drugs administered by this route. p28 |
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Drugs applied to the nasal membranes, eyes, ears, or reproductive openings are considered to be topical medications.
True or False |
TRUE
...it is not necessary to strictly associate the term topical with the skin because topical drugs may also be applied to the nasal membranes, eyes, ears, and reproductive openings. p33 |
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Why might rectal drugs be administered to a client?
a. the client is unconscious b. the client is experiencing nausea or vomiting c. the client is an infant who cannot swallow pills d. all of the above are correct choices |
d. all of the above are correct choices
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Which of the following drug delivery methods is NOT a parenteral method of drug delivery AND avoids the first pass effect in the liver?
a. oral b. intrathecal c. intramuscular d. sublingual |
d. sublingual
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Which of the following drug delivery methods would most likely produce the fastest onset of action?
a. intravenous b. intramuscular c. sublingual d. rectal |
a. intravenous
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Which of the following statements is true regarding topical drug applications?
a. For a local effect, it is necessary to keep drugs from penetrating the skin barrier. b. Liquids and liquid mixtures are the most effective physical compositions for topical drug therapy. c. In some cases it is desirable for topical drugs to enter the systemic circulation. d. All of the above choices are correct. |
d. All of the above choices are correct.
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Some oral medications may be taken with 1_____ and 2_____ to reduce nausea, but you should always ask the 3_____ or 4_____ which medication may be taken this way.
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1 food
2 water 3 practitioner 4 pharmacist |
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One example of a popular 1_____ medication is nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin is 2_____ very quickly across 3_____ mucosal membranes and produces its effect within several minutes.
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1 sublingual
2 absorbed 3 oral |
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What is the weight in kilograms of a client who weighs 265 lbs?
a. 583 kg b. 5830 kg c. 12 kg d. 120.5 kg |
d. 120.5 kg
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How many milligrams are in a vial labeled 200 mcg?
a. 20 mg b. 2 mg c. 0.2 mg d. 0.002 mg |
c. 0.2 mg
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A physician has ordered morphine gr 1/4 IM. It is available as morphine sulfate 10 mg/1 ml. How many ml's will the nurse administer for this dosage?
a. 1.5 ml b. 2 ml c. 0.5 ml d. 15 ml |
a. 1.5 ml
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A 13 month old child is taking Amoxicillin 250 mg. It is available as Amoxicillin 250 mg/5 ml. How many tsp. will the nurse administer?
a. 1/2 tsp b. 1 tsp c. 1 1/2 tsp d. 2 tsp |
b. 1 tsp
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How many ml's of cefixime (Suprax) are needed to administer a 200 mg dose? It is available as cefixime 100 mg/5 ml.
a. 15 ml b. 20 ml c. 1 ml d. 10 ml |
d. 10 ml
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What are the major advantages and disadvantages to administering a medication IV?
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PRO: IV meds go directly into the bloodstream - no absorption needed.
CON: Once put into the bloodstream, it can't be reversed. |
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What assessments must the nurse make prior to administering a medication orally?
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Make sure the client has active bowel sounds.
Be sure the client is able to swallow adequately. |
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What would be the advantages or disadvantages to the subcutaneous method of drug administration?
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PRO: It's an effective way to deliver parenteral meds safely to the client.
CONS: Tissue damage is possible. |
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1____ and 2_____ are two physical properties of a liquid drug that influence its movement throught the body.
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1 solubility
2 viscosity |
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Which of the following drug delivery methods might be used when fast delivery to the cerebral spinal fluid is necessary?
a. intraperitoneal b. intrathecal c. epidural d. transmucosal |
b. intrathecal
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