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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When was an earthquake successfully predicted with EWS in Northern Turkey? Why was this not seen as a massive breakthrough though? |
1999, computer models used to predict where stress had moved on the North Anatolian fault, which turned out to be closer to Istanbul. However this was on a fairly straight forward Conservative boundary which made it easiesr |
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How many people affected by hazards live in lidcs? |
68%. Losses cost a greater ideal proportion of gdp |
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How did Asia have the highest %of deaths from hazards in 2015 |
71.8% |
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When was gas and steam analysis used? |
Nevado del Ruiz 1985 crater was contaminated with h2so4. High levels of certain dissolved acixs and bars eg SO2 can be indicators |
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How can the electrical properties of rock be monitored? |
Increasing strain on rocks causes O2 to react, creating a charge |
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Which had can be used to predict an earthquake? |
Radon gas increases dissolved in groundwater before an earthquake |
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When were strategies used in etna? |
1992 |
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Where is mount etna located? |
African plate and eurasian plate meet in medditeranean forming several fracture zones |
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How is community preparedness helpful at etna? |
Weekly bulletins set out =local scale success |
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What types of volcano are hard to predict and monitor event? |
Strato with andesitic magma, explosive characteristics eg Mt merapi |
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When did Indonesia gain independence from Holland? Why was access to effective tech then limited? |
Violence and political tension so monitoring volcanoes was a low priority |
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What did Indonesia establish in 1920? |
Centre for volcanology and geological hazard mitigation |
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View many volcanoes does it monitor? When was the first seismograph set up on merapi? |
Over 60, 1924 |
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How is Indonesia successful in monitoring losses despite being an lidc? |
Well trained emergency services and river channels regularly cleared of debris to prevent flooding |
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What was a success of monitoring the loss in the tohoku earthquake? |
Within 30 minutes 11 aircraft responded |
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Why is the geology of Nepal increasing its vulnerability? |
Lakes filled valleys in prehistoric eras leaving soft sediment that amplifies waves |
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How much is 1kg of Coltan worth? |
$100 |
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Where is people's health affected in the drc? |
Near nyamulagira - volcanic activity means fluoride levels in water are high |
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What happened when nyiragongo erupted in 2002? |
Lava flowed into town of goma for 2 days and a petrol station caught fire |
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What types of volcanoes are nyiragongo and nyamulagira? |
Strato and shield respectively |
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Where are the volcanoes in the drc located? |
The Albertibe rift, the Western arm of the east African rift Valley |
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What does uncontrolled mining in DRC do to the environment? |
Pollutes lakes and river, soil erosion (affects water cycle = LINK) |
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How is coltan also a cause for slavery? |
5000 children are mining slaves in the DRC |
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What is a statistic for child soldiers in the drc? |
UNICEF estimate that 40 - 70% of militia groups in Central DRC include children, some as young as 5 |
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How did gorilla population decrease in 2008? |
By 12'000 |
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How have volcanoes caused death since 1980? |
Only 7 eruptions have killed me than 100 people |
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What % of deaths from natural disasters are earthquakes responsible for? |
56% 1998-2017 |
