Conwrld Midterms

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Globalization

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*is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide

*The process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

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Al-Rhodan (2006)

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globalization encompasses a multitude of processes that involves the economy, political systems and culture. Social structures, therefore are directly affected by globalization

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Immanuel Wallerstein

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Globalization represents the triumph of a capitalist world economy tied together by a global division of labor

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Rosabeth Moss Kanter

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The world is becoming a global shopping mall in which ideas and products are available everywhere at the same time

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Robert Cox (2000)

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The characteristics of the globalization trend include the internationalization of production, the new international division of labor,new migratory movements from South to North, the new competitive environment that accelerates these processes and the internationalization of the state…making states into agencies of the globalizing world.

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THE ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION

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Economic, Political, Culture

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Metaphor

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is an imaginative way of describing something by referring to something else which is the same in a particular way

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THREE (3) TYPES OF SOLIDITY

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Natural Solid, Man-Made, Modern Man-made

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LIQUID

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It refers to the increasing ease of movement of people, things, information,and places in the contemporary world

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FLOW

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It refers to the movement of people, things,and culture across the globe due to the advancement of technology

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SOLID

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It refers to barriers that prevent or make the difficult movement of things.

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HOMOGENEITY

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means same kind (different countries but have similarities)

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HETEROGENEITY

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Means different kind (Pertains to the creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups because of the interaction of elements from different societies in the world.)

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Culture

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is a way of life of a group of people that have the same behaviors,beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept.

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DYNAMICS

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Continuously changing or developing Forces/properties that stimulate growth, development, or change within a system/process. Producing change and progression

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LOCAL CULTURE

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Set of behaviors, beliefs, and customs that exist in a country.

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GLOBAL CULTURE

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Is a set of shared experiences, norms, symbols, and ideas that unites people at a global level.

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ACCULTURATION

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Acquired and Influenced

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ENCULTURATION

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Transfer to Generation to Generation Passed on

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CULTURAL DIFFERENTIALISM

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Emphasizes the uniqueness and distinctiveness of different cultures.

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CULTURAL HYBRIDIZATION

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Also known as cultural mixing or syncretism, occurs when different cultures come into contact and blend together, creating something new.

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CULTURAL CONVERGENCE

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Refers to increasing similarities between cultures.

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RELIGION

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(In Latin means religare, “to bind/together” ) is a set of organized beliefs, practices, and systems that most often relate to the belief and worship of a controlling force, such as a personal god or another supernatural being.

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HINDUISM

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The religion of Hinduism developed and evolved over a long time in India, giving rise to a variety of beliefs and practices and to other religions, including Buddhism.

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BUDDHISM

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is a path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of reality.

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JUDAISM

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Judaism is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people.

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CHRISTIANITY

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They believe there’s only one God, and he created the heavens and the earth. This divine Godhead consists of three parts: the father (God himself), the son (Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit.

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ISLAM

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It is not a new religion. It is the same truth that God revealed to all His prophets throughout history. It is both a religion and a complete way of life.

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Positive in Religion

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The world religions come to know each other much better with rapid communication.

Helps increase greater religious tolerance and acceptance of other cultures and religions that enhance our mind and knowledge.

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Religious diversity

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Increased religious diversity.

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Negative in Religion

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Globalization can lead to the spread of Western cultural norms and values, potentially eroding traditional religious practices andbeliefs in other parts of the world.

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Conflict between religions (Negative)

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As different religions come in contact through globalization, it sometimes leads to religious tensions, as differing worldviews.

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Secularization

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In some regions, globalization has been associated with a decline in religious adherence as people become more exposed to secular and nonreligious ideas and lifestyles

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REGIONALIZATION

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is the process of dividing a larger area into smaller regions based on certain characteristics or factors that these regions share.

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REGIONALISM

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means Governed; formed/formal

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REGION

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Group of countries, places or same geography. One group but divided

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5 PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBALIZATION

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Hardwired Cycles Epoch Events Broader, More Recent Changes

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HARDWIRED

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Globalization became possible because of the " urges " or basic human need to make lives better (what perspective is this)

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CYCLES

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Globalization is a long-term cyclical process and thus, finding its origin will be a daunting task (What perspective is this)

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EPOCH

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in other terms "waves " of globalization which are sequential unlike the second view (cycles).

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The 6 waves of globalization

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-Globalization of religion (e.g. Christianity,Islam)

-European colonial conquests -Intra-European wars (Wars inside Europe)

-Heyday of European imperialism (Golden Era)

-Post world war II periodPost-cold war period.

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EVENTS

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Through out history this had explicit relevance to the origin of globalization

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BROADER, MORE RECENT CHANGES

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This perspective views that the origin of globalization has taken place during the recentchanges that happened in the 2nd half of the 20thcentury.

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DEMOGRAPHY

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Comes from the two ancient Greek words, demos, meaning “the people,”and graphia, meaning “writing about, to illustrate or recording something”

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DEMOGRAPHER

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A person who study demography

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BIRTH RATE

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The number of live births per thousand ofpopulation per year

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LIFE EXPECTANCY

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The number of years a person can expect to live

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FERTILITY RATE

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The average number of children born to women during their reproductive years.

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MORTALITY/DEATH RATE

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The number of deaths due to a disease divided by the total population

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AGE DEPENDENCYRATIO

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The ratio of dependents (people younger than 15 or older than 64) to the working-age population( those ages 15-64)

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DEPENDENCY RATE

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people who depend on their families

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POPULATION EXPLOSION

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The rapid increase inthe population of anarea among human beings

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MIGRATION

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Movement of people from one country

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INTERNALMIGRATION

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within the country where they only migrate within the country

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EXTERNAL MIGRATION

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outside the country

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GLOBAL MIGRATIONor INTERNATIONALMIGRATION

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Is the movement of a person or group of people acrossinternational borders

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PUSH FACTORS

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Moving out

that compel individuals or groups of people to leave their location

Reasons: ● Educational, ● Professional, ● Economical opportunities ● Family and social reasons ● Political ● Quality of life

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PULL FACTORS

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Moving in

conditions that attract individuals or

groups of people to move to a new

location

Reasons; ● Higher wages, ● Better employment opportunities, ● A higher standard of living, and; ● Educational opportunities.

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EMIGRATION

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Move out of their own countries

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IMMIGRATION

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Move in into other/anothercountries

with an intention of residing there

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TOURIST/ELITEMIGRANTS

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-Willing, able, afford

- A population group with some combination of: high levels of wealth; social status; political influence; culturalinfluence

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VAGABONDS/ COMMONER MIGRANTS

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are individuals who travel or are forced to move for work

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REFUGEE MIGRANTS

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are individuals who are force flee their countries

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ADVANTAGES OF MIGRATION

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Family members bring additional income through remittances,which can support household consumptionand investment.

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DISADVANTAGES OFMIGRATION

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Racial tensions and discrimination Overpopulation

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ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION

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It is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through arapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, services, technology, and capital.

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PRODUCTION

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Excerpt effort It creates products which humans want and are willing to pay for, which boosts the economy and allows manufacturers to continue producing more and more outputs.

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3 needs for production

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-LAND

-LABOR

-CAPITAL➔ Physical resources

-ENTREPRENEUR➔ The one whomanage

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DISTRIBUTION

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It is an economic activity that involves the distribution of incomes across various factors of production and the output of goods and spreading the product throughout the marketplace.

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Three needs for Distribution

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COMMUNICATION ,INFRASTRUCTURE, LOGISTICS

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CONSUMPTION

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It is the process of using goods or services by deriving utility from it and thereby satisfying our wants. It is the final purchase of goods and services by individuals.

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Kinds of Consumptions

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-WASTEFUL CONSUMPTION➔ aksaya

-HARMFUL CONSUMPTION➔ mapanganib

-DIRECT CONSUMPTION➔ basic needs

-PRODUCTIVECONSUMPTION➔ raw materials; turnto another product

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IMPORT

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This are goods and servicesproduced in other countries that are sold in a domestic market.

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EXPORT

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These are goods and servicesproduced within a country (domestically) and sold to buyers inother countries.

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TRADEPROTECTIONISM

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-Protects local producers

-It refers to government policies that restrict international trade tohelp domestic industries.

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LIBERALIZATION

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It is the removal or reduction of restrictions or barriers on the free exchange of goodsbetween nations.

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TARIFF

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tax paid to imported products

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LEGISLATION

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It is a direct or indirect payment to individuals or firms, usually in the form of a cash payment from the government or a targeted tax cut.

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QUOTA

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It is a government imposed trade restriction that limits the number or monetary value of goods that a country can importor export during aparticular period.

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Religious syncretism (positive)

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interaction between different religions led to the creation of new religious practices