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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Biological control system
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A series of interconnected components that maintain a physical or chemical parameter at a near constant value
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Sensor or receptor
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Detects changes in variable
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Control Center
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Assesses input and initiates response
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Effector
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Changes internal environment back to normal
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Negative feedback
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Response reverses the initial disturbance in homeostasis; the body gets too hot and needs to cool down
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Positive feedback
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Response increases the original stimulus; an example is childbirth receptors in the cervix send a message to the brain which releases oxytocin promoting uterine contractions
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Gain of a control system
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Degree to which a control system maintains homeostasis; a system with large gain is more capable of maintaining homeostasis than a system with low gain
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Regulation of blood glucose
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Elevated blood glucose signals the pancreas to release insulin, insulin causes cellular uptake of glucose
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This is a negative feedback system
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What is an example of a failed biological control system?
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Type 1 diabetes
Damaged beta cells in the pancreas no longer create insulin which causes hyperglycemia |
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How does exercise disrupt homeostasis?
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Exercise disrupts homeostasis by changing pH, 02, co2, and temperature in the body
Control systems should be capable of maintaining steady state during submaximal exercise in a cool environment |
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Acclimatization
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adaptation to environmental stresses like heat stress in a hot environment
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Intracrine signaling
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Chemical messenger inside of a cell triggers response
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Juxtacrine signaling
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Chemical messenger passed between two connected cells
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Autocrine signaling
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Chemical messenger acts on that same cell
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Paracrine signaling
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Chemical messengers act on nearby cells
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Endocrine signaling
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Chemical messengers are released into the blood and they only affect cells with a specific receptor
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Cell signaling
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A system of communication that governs cellular activities and coordinates cell actions
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Examples of cell signaling mechanisms
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intracrine, juxtacrine, autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling.
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