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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Boiling
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Take temperature to one-hundred degrees Celsius and maintain full-rolling boil for a minimum of ten minutes. Will kill vegetative cells (most), many viruses and many fungi.
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Autoclave
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Start with free-flowing steam (one-hundred degrees Celsius); apply pressure (15 psi/1 atm). Bumps temp to 120 degrees Celsius; maintain for 15 minutes. Considered 100% effective.
*Used to sterilize media and mineral water and biohazard bags (no longer biohazardous when it comes out. |
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Direct flaming
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100% effective but limited applications.
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Hot air sterilization
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170 degrees Celsius for two or more hours depending on what you're sterilizing.
100% effective |
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Pasteurization
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*does not achieve sterilization
*mild heating to kill potential problem like bacteria/viruses (tuberculosis). |
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Classic pasteruization
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Taking milk to 60 degrees Celsius for thirty minutes.
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Modern pasteruization
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69 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds, resulting in better-tasting product.
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Ultra-high temperature processing
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Sterilizes the milk.
140 degrees Celsius for four seconds. Shelf-life of 6 months at room temperature. |
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Filtration
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Filter sterilizes depending on what you're filtering.
Pour liquid on top chamber and bottom is sterile. Attach vacuum hose where water travels through. Most bacteria, viruses, and prions. Helps to sterilize heat-sensitive liquids such as vaccine, antibiotic solutions, and liquid vitamins. |
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HPA-filters
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Filter anything larger than 0.3 microns (most bacteria, dust, pollen, mold). Relatively inexpensive and can change quality of life for people with allergies, room of burn patients, and operating rooms.
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Modern day refrigerator
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Psycrophiles will like it, but most food-spoilers are mesophiles.
-Slowing them down, slowing down spoilage of food. |
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Freezer
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WHen you freeze something slowly, it allows ice-crystals to form in the cytoplasm of the cells which will rupture the membrane and the and the wall.
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Ionizing radiation
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Produce breaks in DNA molecules which is lethal to cell.
-Sterilize certain food products (done more in Europe than U.S.) -irradiate meat products -no residual radiation -milk can be irradiated -grain silos |
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Nonionizing radiation
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Not nearly as powerful, not as good at penetrating things. Can even be stopped by a drop of water.
Causes abnormal loops to form in DNA Used in hospital rooms to help sterilize surfaces. |
