Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what could happen if the g1, g2, or m checkpoint fails?
|
g1-cell copies dna incorrectly
g2-cell could be small or deformed m-one cell could get 2 chromosomes and another, none |
|
|
what if a cell had a mutation that:
1. the growth factor receptor was always on? 2. the cell no longer needed to be attached to it's surroundings? 3. no longer responded to density inhibition? 4. disable the p52 protein |
1. always have a signal to devide but would still have checkpoints and density inhibition to stop this.
2. it could detach and move throughout the body, but p53 would then kill it. 3. get a tumor and it COULD move around the body 4. it wouldn't know to kill itself and it would detach from surroundings and travel throughout the body (cancer) |
|
|
how are chromosomes oriented during metaphase 1?
|
they're lined up in pairs of 2 chromosomes on the equator
|
|
|
how are chromosomes seporated during anaphase 1?
|
homologous chromosomes seporate and sister chromatids remain attached
|
|
|
how are the chromosomes oriented during metaphase 2?
|
along the equator just like metaphase in mitosis
|
|
|
how are the chromosomes seporated during anaphase 2?
|
sister chromatids are seporated
|
|
|
how are the cells produced during meiosis different than the cells produced durin mitosis?
|
they are different than their parent cells and they only have 1/2 the chromosomes
|
|
|
what is a tetrad?
|
4 sister chromosomes grouped together
|
|
|
what is the benifit of genetic recombination durring reproduction?
|
it allows the best trates of each parent to move on to the offspring producing a stronger species
|
|
|
what are 3 mechanisms that causes this reshuffling of the genes during sextual reproduction?
|
1. independatn assortment of chromosomes
2. crossing over 3. random fertilization from the parents |
|
|
when does crossing over occur? does it always occur in the same manner?
|
in prophase 1 and possibly metaphase 1. no it practically never does.
|
|
|
what does n stand for?
|
the 23 chromosmoes that contain all the instructions for buliding humans
|
|
|
what's 2n and what's the name for these cells?
|
the adult human cell that contains 2 of each of the 23 chromosomes. these cells are called diploid
|
|
|
gametes have ___ n and are called ___
|
1; haploid
|
|
|
meiosis is the type of cell devision that starts with a ___ cell and produces ____ ____
|
diploid; haploid gametes
|
|
|
homologous chromosomes are...
|
a pair with the same instructions, but the instructions are not necessarily the same
|
|
|
karyotypes are
|
the arrangement of chromosomes based on size and banding patterns
|
|
|
autosomes are...
|
the chromosome not involved in sex deturmination (1-22)
|
|
|
sex chromosomes...
|
are invovled in sex deturmination (X and Y)
|
|
|
what is the name of the cells that parents used to make offspring? hom many chromosomes do these contain?
|
gametes, 23
|
|
|
explain: homologous chromosomes are the same chromosome, they contain the same genes, yet they're not genetically identical.
|
they contain instructions for preforming the same reactions but the directions may be different.
|
|
|
what happens in meiosis 1?
what happens in meiosis 2? results in... |
homologous chromosomes are seporated
sister chromosomes are seporated 4 non-identical haploid gametes |
