Contrast X-Ray

Front 1

Grids

Back 1

increase contrast

Front 2

Short Scale Contrast

Back 2

70 kvp and under

Front 3

Grid Ratio

Back 3

ratio between height & distance of lead strips

Front 4

Fogging

Back 4

main cause secondary
radiation or scatter

Front 5

Air Gap

Back 5

eliminates need for grid

Front 6

Contrast

Back 6

makes detail clear - visible

Front 7

Chimicals too low

Back 7

developer will show low contrast

Front 8

Influencing Factors of Contrast

Back 8

film, developer, grid, SID

Front 9

Latent Image

Back 9

becomes visible after exposure

Front 10

Manifest

Back 10

becomes visible after developing

Front 11

Collimation

Back 11

reduction of radiation will increase contrast

Front 12

X-Ray Table

Back 12

grid lines run same direction as the table

Front 13

Minimum total filtration

Back 13

2.5 mm aluminum or equivalent

Front 14

Grids have?

Back 14

lead strips, aluminum, interspaces - cardboard fiber - poly plastic

Front 15

Contrast controlled by?

Back 15

kvp (main control) and mAs

Front 16

Grid - non grid

Back 16

decrease technique

Front 17

Non-grid to Grid

Back 17

increase technique

Front 18

When you increase kVp you?

Back 18

decrease contrast

Front 19

Purpose of conpensating filter (added filter)?

Back 19

produce a more uniformity dense radiograph

Front 20

Smaller exposure field?

Back 20

increase contrast

Front 21

When hight kVp affects contrast

Back 21

reduce contrast

Front 22

Grids are made of:

Back 22

polyester plastic
fiber (cardboard)
aluminum

Front 23

Collimator check for?

Back 23

size accuracy

Front 24

Fog increases when?

Back 24

increased thickness

Front 25

Differential Absorption

Back 25

bone and soft tissue

Front 26

What absorbs more radiation?

Back 26

bone

Front 27

Low kVP will result in?

Back 27

short scale contrast

Front 28

Subject contrast?

Back 28

patient

Front 29

Grid Frequency

Back 29

the number of lead strips per cm

Front 30

Types of Grids

Back 30

stationary and moving grid

Front 31

Best for grid clean up?

Back 31

the higher the number the better the clean up best 16:1

Front 32

Grid ratio most latitude

Back 32

12:1

Front 33

Secondary Factor of Contrast

Back 33

mAs

Front 34

Half Value Layer

Back 34

the thickness or amount of aluminum necessary to reduce the intensity of the x-ray beam by half

Front 35

Types of Collimators

Back 35

rectagular (most common)
cones
cylinders
extension cylinders
diaphragm

Front 36

Compression Filters

Back 36

body part when the node heel effect is not enought (provide uniform density on the film)

Front 37

California Regulations

Back 37

collimate the beam to the area of clinical interest

Front 38

Main purpose of collimation?

Back 38

limits the x-ray beam to the area of clinical interest

Front 39

Proper use of a collimator

Back 39

reduces the amount of secondary radiation produced

Front 40

Grid located between?

Back 40

patient and x-ray film

Front 41

Grid lines appear when

Back 41

bucky is not turned on

Front 42

Common type of beam restrictor?

Back 42

variable rectangular

Front 43

Secondary radation/scatter

Back 43

when x-ray beam penetrates an object and scatters in all directions the effect is called

Front 44

Total Filtration

Back 44

added filtration (2 mm) + inherent (.5 mm aluminum)

Front 45

Main causes of fog

Back 45

radiation

Front 46

Reduce fogging by?

Back 46

use better collimation

Front 47

Inherent Filter consist of?

Back 47

oil and glass envelope & glass window

Front 48

Which contrast scale will produce consistent radiograph?

Back 48

Long Scale

Front 49

Radiopaque tissue

Back 49

shows a lighter areas on a radiograph to make visible

Front 50

Absorption/Attenuation

Back 50

structures of different densities absorb/attenute the x-ray beam differently (bone-tissue-muscle)

Front 51

Inherent filters

Back 51

built into machine

Front 52

Added filters

Back 52

that which is addes

Front 53

Filtration removes?

Back 53

photons of long wavelengths hardening the x-ray beam and producing short or long scale

Front 54

Collimation regulates?

Back 54

amount of scatter radiation produces improving contrast

Front 55

Types of Grid Cut Off

Back 55

off center
off focus
off angle
upside down
crooked
incorrect SID (grid focus)

Front 56

Phototimer

Back 56

automatically terminates exposure when adequate Radiographic Density has been achieved

Front 57

Four Prime Factors of Radiography

Back 57

mAs
kV
SID

Front 58

Cut the mAs in 1/2

Back 58

a 15% in kVp is equivalent to a 50% increase in density on the radiograph therefore, in order to maintain the same radiographic density, every 15% increase in kVp must be accompanied by a 50% reduction in mAs

Front 59

Double the mAs

Back 59

a 15% decrease in kVp is equivalent to a 50% reduction in the density on the radiograph therefore, in order to maintain the same radiographic density: every 15% reduction in kVp must be accompied by a 50% increase in mAs

Front 60

Rule of Thumb
mAs-Distance Formula

Back 60

when the distance is cut exactly in half one-fourth (1/4) of the original mAs is used to maintain the proper radiographic density.

If the SID is doubled then four (4) times the original mAs is necessary to maintain the proper radiographic density.