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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who ruled Central Europe?
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weak empires
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Geographically, central Europe extended to where? Why was this bad?
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from the Elbe River(Germany) to Eastern Poland. This left the area open to warfare, migration, and shifting boundaries
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In the middle ages, who gained more power over whom? Why was this bad?
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the aristocracy gained more power over serfs. There was a huge gap between the two groups; few middle class merchants or free artisans existed
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Central Europe was composed of what? Why?
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composed of various weakening kingdoms and empires. Poland, Ottoman Empire, and the Holy Roman Empire
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How was Poland weakening in power?
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Poland - the king of Poland was elected by the Polish nobility - they told him what to do(he was a puppet)
- the king had little income, no courts, officials, and no standing army - the nobles usually chose a foreigner as king because of their mistrust of one another |
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How was the Ottoman Empire weakening?
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the sultan still exercised some power(collecting taxes, maintaining a standing army); since the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, the empire's power had been declining
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How was the Holy Roman Empire weakening?
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it operated in name only, and had little power
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In the late 1600's who were the two German families that were eager to pounce on central Europe?
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Hohenzollern, and the Hapsburgs
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What was the most powerful nation-state in central Europe?
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Austria
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Who ruled Austria?
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the Hapsburgs
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Charles VI's empire(Austria) was composed of what three main parts?
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The dukedom of Austria, the Kingdom of Bohemia, and the Kingdom of Hungary, and other German states and scattered lands in Italy.
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What peoples were in central Europe?
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the Czechs, Hungarians, Croatians, Italians, Germans
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What held central Europe together?
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the fact that the Austrian, Hungarian, and Bohemian crowns were all held by Hapsburgs
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What did Charles VI do?
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He spent his reign making sure that the Hapsburgs never lost their empire. He persuaded other European rulers to sign the Pragmatic Sanction.
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What was the Pragmatic Sanction?
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This recognized Charles VI's only child as the heir to the throne(Maria Theresa)
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Who ruled Prussia?
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the Hohenzollerns
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What was Prussia's most valued possession? What else did they have that was special?
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Their most valued was Brandenburg; it was never very powerful. However, its prince was one of the 7 electors who chose the HRE
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Who won the title of Elector of Brandenburg?
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Frederick William
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What did Frederick William set out to accomplish to deal with threats of invasion?
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he wanted to build a strong army, make alliances with France, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Poland. And he offered the services of his army to anyone but for a price.
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Who was Frederick I?
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he was the son of the great elector(Frederick William). He was the first to call himself "king". by the time of the Treaty of Utrecht, all of his territory was grouped under that name of Prussia
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Who was Frederick William I? What did he do?
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he was the son of Frederick I. He only spent money on his army. He doubled the size of the army. He only promoted landowning nobility-junkers. he created a military society.
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Who was Frederick the Great?
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He was Frederick William I's son. He was the opposite of his father. He enjoyed music, philosophy, and literature. he hated his father
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Name the order of the Prussian rulers.
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1. Frederick William
2. Frederick I 3. Frederick William I 4. Frederick the Great |
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Where did Frederick the Great invade? What did he want? Why did he invade it?
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He invaded Hapsburg land. He wanted the land of Silesia(iron-rich). he thought that since Maria Theresa was a woman, he would have no trouble conquering the area. She was able to stop Prussia from completely taking over Austria. however, Prussia did get Silesia.
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What was the War of Austrian Succession? Who allied with whom? What was the result?
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In Dec. 1740, Prussia(Frederick the Great) inaded Silesia(iron-rich). France, Spain, and the German state of Bavaria joined Prussia. Maria Theresa allied with Hungary, Great Britain, Russia, and the Netherlands.
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What was the treaty for the War of the Austrian Succession?
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the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, Austria lost Silesia
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What was the Seven Years War(Europe)/French and Indian War(Americas)?
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by 1756 Austria, France, and Russia were allied against Britain.
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What treaty ended the Seven Years' War/French and Indian War? What happened?
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the Peace of Paris; Silesia remained in Prussian hands. France lost Canada and most of its lands in India to Britain. Britain becomes a more powerful nation.
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