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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of contraceptive?
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The intentional prevention of pregnancy during intercourse.
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What is the definition of birth control?
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The device and/or practice to decrease the risk of conceiving a child.
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What is the definition of family planning?
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The conscious decision on when to conceive or avoid pregnancy during the reproductive years.
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What 5 things need to be assessed regarding a woman's thoughts and beliefs regarding birth control?
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1. Assess the woman's knowledge regarding contraceptives
2. Assess the pt's willingness to commit to proper use 3. Identify myths the pt may have 4. Go over the woman's religious and cultural beliefs regarding birth control 5. Consider her reproductive plans |
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What physical and medical assessments need to be considered when working with a woman regarding birth control?
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1. Determine the characteristics of her menstrual cycle
2. Consider her contraceptive hx 3. Consider her obstetric hx 4. Perform a complete medical examination 5. Have lab work done, including STI screening/testing, chem screen, and CBC |
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What is the definition of contraceptive failure rate?
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It is the % of users expected to have an unplanned pregnancy during the 1st year, even when using the method consistently and correctly.
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What are factors that affect contraceptive methods?
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1. Frequency of intercourse
2. Motivation to prevent pregnancy 3. Understanding of how to use the method 4. Adherence to the method 5. Requiring short-term or long-term protection 6. Likelihood of pregnancy for an individual woman 7. Consistent use of the method |
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What are the failure rates, advantages, and disadvantages of coitus interruptus and fertility awareness methods (FAM)?
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Failure Rates:
Coitus Interruptus - 19% FAM - 25% Advantages: Low to no cost, no chemicals or hormones, lack of alteration in menstrual pattern Disadvantages: Require strict adherence, can be time consuming, does not protect against STIs and HIV. |
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What are the five most common barrier methods?
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1. Spermicides
2. Condoms 3. Diaphragm 4. Cervical Cap 5. Contraceptive Sponge |
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What is the medication in spermicides? What forms does it come in?
What is it's failure rate and unique quality? |
-nonoxynol-9
-vaginal foam, tablet, suppository, cream, film, or gel -Failure rate 29% -May decrease the transmission of HIV due to acidity |
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What is an advantage of condoms, and what are 4 disadvantages?
What is the failure rate for males and for females? |
+Easy to obtain
-Must interrupt lovemaking, altered sensation, may tear, may spill -Failure rate for males is 15%, for females is 21% |
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What is a diaphragm and what needs to be done for it to be used appropriately?
What is its failure rate and how often does a woman need a new one? |
-It is a dome-shaped device that covers the cervix
-It must be fitted to the individual woman and can be affected by weight changes, child birth, surgeries, etc. -Its failure rate is 16% and it must be replaced every 2 years |
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What is a cervical cap?
What is its failure rate for nullipara and multipara women? What is the reason for a difference? |
-It snugly fits around the base of the cervix
-Nullipara failure of 16% -Multipara failure of 32% -The cervix changes after giving birth and it is harder to get a good seal |
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What is a contraceptive sponge and how is it used?
What is the failure rate for nullipara and multipara women? Why is there a difference? |
-It is a sponge that is moistened prior to insertion to activate the spermicide
-It is inserted prior to coitus -Nullipara failure rate is 20% -Multipara failure rate is 40% because the cervix doesn't always close completely after giving birth |
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What methods of delivery are there for estrogen/progesterone hormone contraceptive and what are their names?
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-There are many brands of oral contraceptives, including 30-day cycles and extended-cycle regimens
-There are also transdermal patches (ortho-evera) and vaginal rings (nuva-ring) |
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What are some of the advantages of hormonal methods of birth control? There are 9 from class!
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1. Convenience!
2. Decreased menstrual flow 3. Decreased anemia 4. Regulation of cycles 5. Decrease in dysmenorrhea and PMS 6. Protection against endometrial and ovarian CA 7. Protection against functional cysts 8. Decreased risk of ectopic pregnancy 9. Effectiveness approaches 100% |
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What delivery methods are there for progestin only contraceptives and what are some brand names?
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-Oral
-IM (depo-provera) -IUD (mirena or paragard) -Subdermal implant (implanon |
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When would progestin only contraceptives be given instead of the traditional preparation?
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-For women who have recently had a baby and are still breast feeding (will stop the milk) and for women who get migraines on the combo pills
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What contraceptive pill is used to make the uterine lining shed in cases where the menstrual cycle is abnormally absent? Why do this?
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Provera oral contraceptive makes the uterus shed its lining when it isn't happening naturally. This helps reduce the incidence of uterine cancer.
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What are the contraindications concerning oral contraceptives?
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1. Hx of blood clots
2. Cerebrovascular or coronary disease 3. Breast or uterine cancers 4. Pregnancy 5. Impaired liver function 6. Lactation <6 weeks PP 7. HA's w/neuro sx 8. Immobilization 9. Surgery on the legs 10. HTN 11. DM for >20 yrs w/vascular effects 12. Smoker >35 yrs old |
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What are common side effects of the 'pill'?
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Side effects are dose-related: Nausea, breast tenderness, fluid retention, spotting, emotional liability - related to the estrogen content
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What are the facts concerning emergency contraception?
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1. Available in >100 countries
2. Plan B is approved for OTC sales to women age 18 and older 3. Can also use high doses of combined OTC's 4. Should be taken within 120 hours of unprotected intercourse or birth control mishap 5. Take with anti-emetics 6. The only contraindications are pregnancy and undiagnosed vaginal bleeding 7. Will not disturb an implanted pregnancy 8. Effective 75-89% of the time |
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What is an IUD and what are two names of IUD's?
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It is a 'T' shaped device that is placed in the uterus. I adversely affects sperm motility an irritates the uterine lining.
-Two names are Para-Gard and Mirena |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of IUD's?
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-Adv - Ease of use, long-term protection, immediate return to fertility with removed.
-Disadv - Increased risk of PID and ectopic pregnancy, and no protection against STI or HIV. -There may be religious or cultural objections |
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What are the facts concerning female and male sterilization?
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-Females can have a tubal occlusion surgery, which cuts or 'clamps' off the fallopian tubes. Males have vasectomies.
-Reconstruction is very costly and may not be successful. -Transcervical sterilization is done now where a device is placed in the fallopian tubes to obstruct them (The Essure System). |
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What is a medical abortion?
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-It is done with a mixture of methotrexate and misoprostol, which affect the lining of the uterus and induce contractions
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What two types of surgical abortions?
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-D&C for first trimester abortions
-D&E (evacuation) for second trimester abortions (done in certain areas of the country only |
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What do we, as nurses, need to be aware of concerning our patients and abortions?
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There may be religious and cultural considerations
We need to provide supportive and nonjudgmental care Be aware there is a grieving process going on!! |
