Continued

Front 1

Electron Group Geometry

Back 1

Mutual repulsion among electron groups leading to a certain orientation of those groups depending on the number of groups involved.

Front 2

Molecular Geometry

Back 2

describes the 3-D geometry of a molecule, including the lone pair electrons.

Front 3

Hybrid orbitals

Back 3

Blending of two or more atomic orbitals to new energetically equivalent orbitals with optimzed geometry.

Front 4

Sigma Bond

Back 4

Covalent bond formed by end-to-end orbital overlap.

Front 5

Pi Bond

Back 5

Covalent bond formed by parallel orbital overlap.

Front 6

Ionic Bond

Back 6

Bond where one element gives up an electron and the other accepts

Front 7

Covalent Bonds

Back 7

Bonds where electrons are shared

Front 8

Polar Covalent

Back 8

Electrons are unequally shared
-: Electrons closer to one atom-: One end of bond is partially + other is partially –

Front 9

Non-Polar Covalent

Back 9

Electrons are equally shared

Front 10

Hydrogen Bonds

Back 10

Week bonds usually between molecules. Bond between Hydrogen and a electronegative element.

Front 11

Describe how hydrogen bonds effect water's ability to regulate temperature.

Back 11

1. Hydrogen bonds require a lot energy to break.
2. the initial energy goes to breaking the bonds, so more is needed to heat the water.
3. Because our body has lots of water, we can absorb heat while maintaining our body temp.

Front 12

Monomer of Protein

Back 12

Amino Acid

Front 13

Monomer of Carbohydrates

Back 13

Glucose

Front 14

Monomer of Lipids

Back 14

3 fatty acids + glycerol

Front 15

Monomer of Nucleic Acid

Back 15

Nucleotide

Front 16

Simple sugars

Back 16

Monoaccharides
Hexoses – C6 – Many are isomers – C6H12O6
Name Found
Glucose – Everywhere
Fructose – Fruit
Galactose – Milk
Pentose – C5
Ribose – RNA
Deoxyribose – DNA

Front 17

Double Sugars

Back 17

Disaccharides – C12H22O11
Sucrose – Glucose + Fructose
Lactose – Glucose + Galactose
Maltose – Glucose + Glucose

Front 18

Polysaccharides

Back 18

Polymers of glucose

Glucose units in Amylose – Alpha Bond (α) – All Oxygen’s Facing Down

Glucose units in Cellulose – Beta Bond (β) – All Oxygen’s Facing Up

Front 19

Steroids

Back 19

Messenger to fats and proteins

Front 20

Essential Amino Acids

Back 20

Can’t be synthesized by the organism

Front 21

Non Essential Amino Acids

Back 21

Can be synthesized by the organism. animals can make it through molecules.

Front 22

Primary Structure

Back 22

Binding of amino acids to one another - Dehydration synthesis
Peptide bonds

Front 23

Secondary Structure

Back 23

Result of Hydrogen Bonding between primary structures
Alpha Helix – Slinky
Beta - Pleated Sheet -
DNA structure –Wrong DNA means Wrong protein

Front 24

Tertiary Structure

Back 24

Bonding between R Groups
Many Different Kinds of Bonds
Sulfur – 2 amino acids have sulfu

Front 25

Quaternary Structure

Back 25

Only in large Proteins that have only one peptide bond
The ability of a protein to function relies on its structure

Front 26

fat soluble vitamins

Back 26

vitamins A, D, E and K
1. Fat soluble vitamins stay longer in your system because they get trapped in fat storage. These vitamins are usually absorbed in fat globules.

Front 27

water soluble vitamins

Back 27

vitamins B and C.
4. The B-complex group is found in a variety of foods: cereal grains, meat, poultry, eggs, fish, milk, legumes and fresh vegetables.
5. Citrus fruits are good sources of vitamin C.
6. Water soluble vitamins are eliminated in the urine and therefore need to be replaced.
1. They function as coenzymes that help the body obtain energy from food. They also are important for normal appetite, good vision, healthy skin, healthy nervous system and red blood cell formation.