Continue Of Immunology Chapter 1-3

Front 1

What organs constitute MALT?

Back 1

GALT, Peyer's patches, tonsils, adnoids, apendix

Front 2

Is MALT primary or secondary lymphoid organ?

Back 2

Secondary

Front 3

What does MALT stand for?

Back 3

Mucosal Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Front 4

What are the three stromal cells of the thymus?

Back 4

cortical epithelial cell, interdigitating dendritic cell
and macrophage

Front 5

What is positive screening and what is the outcome of it within the thymus?

Back 5

When maturing T-cells bind to stromal cells (macrophage) and can recognize MHC II. This allows T cells to mature and leave the thymus

Front 6

What occurs in negative selection/screening in they thymus?

Back 6

T cells bind hard to cells in the thymus, causeing a programmed cell death

Front 7

What are the three regions of the lymph node going from outside to inside?

Back 7

Cortex, paracortex and medulla

Front 8

What is found in the cortex region of the lymph node?

Back 8

B cells polliferating and differentiating

Front 9

What is found in the paracortex region of the lymph node?

Back 9

T cells, and some migrating B cells

Front 10

What three parts make up the white pulp in the spleen?

Back 10

Primary Follicle
Marginal Zone
PALS

Front 11

What cells are found in the PALS region of the spleen?

Back 11

t cells

Front 12

What cells are found in the primary follicular region in the spleen?

Back 12

B cells

Front 13

what cells are found in the marginal zone of the spleen?

Back 13

macrophages, B cells and T cells

Front 14

What are the two regions in the spleen?

Back 14

Red pulp and white pulp

Front 15

What immunologic respolibilites does the spleen have?

Back 15

filters blood, activates B and T cells in PALS, reacts to systemic infection

Front 16

What are peyer's patches and where are they located?

Back 16

A collection of follicles found along the wall of the small intestine which trap antigens

Front 17

The inductive site inbetween vili of the intestine are made up of what type of cells?

Back 17

M cells

Front 18

What is the function of the M cells in the intestine?

Back 18

house immune cells, are a trap for antigens

Front 19

How are IgA antibodies produced in the intestinal tract?

Back 19

B cells get turned on by the presence of antigens, migrate to the follicles where they are turned into plasma cells, and the plasma cells secrete IgA

Front 20

Where is the lamina propria?

Back 20

section of the MALT or GALT below the mucosal epithelium and houses follicles

Front 21

Where does the secretory component come from for the IgA?

Back 21

IgA is sectreted by plasma cells, and binds to receptors on the lamina propria side of the mucosal epithelium, this receptor becomes the secretory component

Front 22

What is the class of antibody responsible for protecting the mucus membrane?

Back 22

IgA

Front 23

Name the anatomical site in which lymphocytes enter into the spleen

Back 23

Spleenic artery, and into the marginal zone of the white pulp

Front 24

How do antigens enter the spleen?

Back 24

Through the spleenic artery like lymphocytes

Front 25

Is a systemic infection best fought off in the lymph nodes or the spleen?

Back 25

the spleen because blood keeps circulating

Front 26

Where are most t cells found in the lymph node?

Back 26

paracortex

Front 27

What is the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath?

Back 27

part of the white pulp that goes around spleenic artery that house T cells and where T and B cells are activated

Front 28

five reasons why skin is a good barrier

Back 28

1. Temperature: 37 C
2. Acidic: ph 5
3. Dry
4. Resident Microflora
5. Psoriasin: small protein active against E. Coli

Front 29

Which cells of the respiratory system produce mucus?

Back 29

goblet cells

Front 30

What is the main immunoglobulin isotype found in mucus.

Back 30

IgA

Front 31

What are opsonins?

Back 31

antibodies which increases the affinity of phagocytes to bind to pathogens

Front 32

What is the main opsonin for the complement system?

Back 32

C3B

Front 33

What are chemokines?

Back 33

Chemoattractants, such as prostaglandin

Front 34

What are the main surface molecules involved in neutrophil margination?

Back 34

Mucin on neutrophils bind to E selectin on the epithelium bind less tight and are responsible for rolling, integrens on neutrophils and ICAMs on epilthelium adhere tightly

Front 35

Where are ICAMs found

Back 35

on the ephithelia where the histamine was released

Front 36

What are AMPs?

Back 36

Antimicrobial peptides which rapidly inactivate infectious agents by disrupting bacteria membranes, they are cationic.

Front 37

What are three antimicrobial peptides found in humans?

Back 37

Defensin family (alpha and beta), and cathelicidins

Front 38

What are examples of PAMPs (pathogen associated molecular patterns)?

Back 38

LPS, Peptidoglycan, Lipoechnoic acids, mannose, flagellin, ds and ss RNA from viruses

Front 39

What are the two major classes of PRRs?

Back 39

1. Endocytic pattern-recognition receptors
2. Signaling pattern-recognition receptors

Front 40

What did Jules Hoffman discover?

Back 40

If toll-like receptors are mutated, flys become extremly susceptible to lethal fungal infection

Front 41

What are the two domains of the toll-like receptor?

Back 41

1. Exterior domain: leucine-rich repeats
2. TIR (Toll interlukin receptor) domain: three box regions of highly conserved amino acids

Front 42

Why are some toll-like receptors found internally?

Back 42

Because they are protecting the cell against viruses

Front 43

What toll-like receptor ligands ds RNA and tragets viruses?

Back 43

TLR3

Front 44

What toll-like receptor ligands LPS and F-protein and targets gram (-) bacteria?

Back 44

TLR4

Front 45

What toll-like receptors ligand ssRNA and target Viruses?

Back 45

TLR7 and TLR8