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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Extinction
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-withholding reinforcement when the behavior occurs
-if injury is possible to happen during extinction/extinction burst, do not advise extinction -appropriate behaviors should receive the same reinforcer as the behavior on extinction -not providing the reinforcer |
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NCR
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-delivery of the maintaining reinforcer at predetermined intervals (variable or fixed)
-should be used with other interventions -reinforcement delivery may coincidentally follow behavior (adventitious reinforcement) reduces the establishing operation (motivation) for a problem behavior by providing its maintaining reinforcer independent of behavior, usually at predetermined intervals |
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Intermittent Reinforcement
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-providing reinforcing consequences after only a portion of the responses
-has the effect of making a behavior resistant to extinction |
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Adventitious reinforcement
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-Delivery of reinforcement coincidentally follows problem behavior; could be an unintentional & detrimental outcome of NCR
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Sensory Extinction (381-383, 460)
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involves masking or removing sensory stimulation resulting from a behavior
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Successful extinction
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-identify and control the maintaining reinforcer
-temporarily tolerate an increase in frequency & intensity of behavior -temporarily tolerate the topography -ensure you can control the natural maintaining reinforcer |
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NCR as a misnomer
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-definition of reinforcement = contingent application
-once a functional assessment has identified a consequent event as having reinforcing properties, that event can be provided noncontingently to possibly reduce the EO & the motivation for the target behavior |
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DRO Guidelines (478-480)
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-Determine the DRO interval
-determine a procedure for increasing that interval -provide reinforcement contingent upon no occurrences of the target behavior during the interval -combine DRO with other procedures |
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DRA
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-umbrella term: reinforcement of behaviors that are appropriate alternatives to target behaviors; DRI, DRC, & DR of functionally equivalent behavior
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DRC behaviors
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Differential Reinforcement of Communication
-alternative behaviors that serve the same function as the problem behavior -ex: 'May I have a cookie?' vs. stealing a cookie |
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DRI
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(incompatible)
-reinforcement is contingent upon behavior that cannot be done at the same time as the problem behavior |
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DRL
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(low rates)
-used to decrease the rate of a behavior (not elimiate) -delivered following an occurrence of the target behavior -reinforcement only after responding below a predetermined rate |
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DRO
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other/omission
-reinforcement is provided contingent upon the non-occurrence of behavior -Determine DRO interval & guidelines for increasing the interval -combine DRO with other procedures -provide frequent reinforcement by making DRO interval less than BL mean IRT |
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DRH
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(high rates)
-reinforcement only after responding above a predetermined rate -reinforcement is contingent upon responding meeting or exceeding a particular rate |
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Targets behavior reductions
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DRO (other) & DRL (lower rates)
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Target behavior increases of specific behaviors
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DRI (incompatible) & DRA (alternative)
-indirectly reduce behaviors that are incompatible with or functionally equivalent to other behaviors |
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Targets behavior for increase
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DRH (higher rates)
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NCR schedule
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-withhold reinforcement when the problem behavior occurs
-exception: when the behavior occurs immediately prior to the time that reinforcement was scheduled to be delivered |
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Differential Reinforcement
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responding that meets a particular criterion gets reinforced while responding that does not meet that criterion does not get reinforced
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Interresponse Time (IRT) (398)
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-the time between responses
-when response duration is brief: time from 1 end of a response to the end of the next response -longer IRT = lower overall rate of responding -shorter IRT = higher response rate |
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Calculation IRT
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-Add interresponse times together & divide by # of interresponse intervals
-EX: 60s observation, momentary responses at 10s, 20s, & 40s (2 interresponse intervals: 10 to 20 & 20 to 40; avg. is 15) OR divide total interval time by # of responses in interval |
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DRO interval
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-Be able to deliver reinforcement more frequently than the behavior is occurring
-lengthen in small increments (by a constant time, a constant proportion of time, or based on performance of the learner) |
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Full-session DRL
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reinforcement is contingent upon responding during the session being at or below a specific rate
-a criterion of zero occurrences is often set |
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Interval DRL
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-the session is divided into equal intervals; reinforcement is contingent upon responding during the session being at or below a specified criterion; responding above the criterion rate resets the interval
-a criterion of zero occurrences is often set |
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Spaced-responding DRL
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reinforcement is provided after a specified IRT is achieved
-target behavior must occur at the end of the IRT for reinforcement to be provided -if interval is interrupted, reset |
