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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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United Nations Decade of Women, 1976-1985 |
30th session of UN General Assembly declared UN Decade of Women; 4 conferences : Mexico City, Copenhagen, Nairobi, Beijing |
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Mexico City Conference, 1975 |
Theme: Equality, Development, peace; problem: man presided, first ladies spoke; Agreed to a 10 year world plan of action to address illiteracy, mass poverty, degrading imagery.
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Copenhagen Conference |
Theme: Employment, education, and health; still eurocentric; assumption about homogeity of women worldwide. |
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Nairobi, Kenya, 1985 |
13 503 delegates from 160 states; first time shift tipping away from Eurocentrism; women from 3rd world countries cast majority in attendance; Issues: racism, imperialism, refugees, migrant; recognized that gender equality was not isolated issues, but emcompassed all areas of human activity, it was necessary for women to participants in all spheres, not only in those relating to gender |
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Beijing Conference, 1995 |
5000 participants, 189 government; theme: action for equality, development, peace. shift from analysis to action |
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Marxist Analysis |
what is housework relation to capitalism? -- productive or consumptive? -- reproductive? generational also daily premise: housework is oppressive. why? 1. society's values established as monetary ones, housework --> unpaid 2. relegation to household labour denies women an active part in the market - capitalism relegates women to the home - liberation = women ceasing to bear the principal responsibility for childcare and household labour 1. contradiction of domestic work ( ex. goals of housework vs. childcare) 2. perception : stressful or light 3. technology --> deskilling, despecialized (automatic laundry machine vs. grandmas boiling clothes, hanging to dry) |
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Meg Luxton: categories of domestic work |
housework: cooking, cleaning, maintaining house and objects in it household management: orchestrating and coordinating schedules appointments etc. childbearing and childrearing: birthing, nursing, feeding, training tension management: psycho-emotional need of all, sexual needs of husband |
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gender analysis |
why is household women's work? - socioeconomic analysis: historically inevitable in industrial societies; women stay home while men earn wages - sociobiological determination : biology as destiny - patriarchy and male privilege: not just capitalism that benefits, but rather men; men have easier time with housework, they don't do it |
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wage gap |
women earn less than men; even in the same job, paid less; even with more experience and better training in the sane job, paid less; |
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pay equity |
international labor organization convention, 1951; "equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value"; canada did not sign until 1973; change did not sign until 1973; change to proactive legislation in 5 provinces ( ontario, nova scotia, prince edward Island, New Brunswick); only ontario includes work outside public sector; now referred to as pay equity legislation; based on complex system of job evaluation with point system |
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workplace hazard |
how have women conditions not improved? - Garment industry: "home work" and "peace work" (jacket sold very expensive, made for cheap) - telecommuting: isolation and technology: speed and invasive schedule - job sharing: sometimes means employer get 2 for 1 danger that women face at work: - sexual harassment/aggression (exploitation by employer and degrading conditions) - violence - health : ergonomics, repetitive strain injury, air quality |
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Second Wave Women Movement |
equality with men; control over ones body; state, family, motherhood = site of inequality; birth control and abortion; began in 1960s; sexuality, family, workplace, reproductive rights, social and legal inequalities |
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sites of inequalities |
the state laws were made by and favour men; family patriarchy (husband head of house) and functionalist roles; motherhood: not valuntary and not women's decisions |
