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12 Cards in this Set
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Mao Zedong
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One of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921 and the founder of the People’s Republic of China. He was widely recognized for political and military strategies. He was enthusiastic about Marxism and worked along with peasant masses while upholding his belief that revolution should be expressed through violence. “Maoism” was later formed in honor of Mao.
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Decolonization
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refers to the decline of imperialism and weakness of European nations, especially after World War II. The Italian, Japanese, and British empires ended after the war, primarily in regions throughout Africa and Asia. Some of the causes of decolonization included military withdrawal during WWII, nationalism, the Great Depression, and a greater call for independence.
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Great Purge
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the period between 1936-1938 when Stalin effectively liquidated all traces of opposition to his rule. The large-scale purges struck the country, targeting all levels of society--including children. The Show Trials were ordered by him as well. Up to 1 million executions were carried out and death warrants were actually signed by Stalin. The Great Purge finally burnt itself out late in 1938.
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Zhou Enlai
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Chinese premier from the founding of the People's Republic of China until his death (1949 – 1976). He became political commissar of the Red Army. He was influential in the Hundred Flowers Campaign. Zhou was also instrumental in the Communist Party's rise to power, and subsequently in the development of the Chinese economy and restructuring of Chinese society.
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Vladimir Lenin
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He founded the Communist Party in Russia and was the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Lenin was also the architect of the Soviet state. In April 1922, his doctors extracted from his neck one of the bullets he had received from the assassin's gun in 1918. After the operation he later fell ill and became partially paralyzed. Lenin died after suffering a stroke in January 1924.
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Collectivization
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policy pursued under Stalin between 1928 and 1940. The goal of this policy was to consolidate individual land and labor into collective farms. Farmers were needed to produce more grain to feed urban workers. Stalin viewed small peasant farms as inefficient and a threat to state power.
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Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
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also known as a “Treaty of Non-Aggression,” was the agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany to remain neutral under the situation if either of the nations were attacked by a third party. This was established in August 1939. This treaty also divided north and east Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence.
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T-4 Program
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After World War II, this was the name of the euthanasia program in Nazi Germany. The Nazis used state doctors to decide which patients would live or die. These patients were people with disabilities, who were displayed as "parasites" to the German nation by propaganda. Up to 200,000 people were killed under this program. Many patients were killed by being sent to a “Special Section” facility and dying from being gassed with carbon monoxide.
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Einsatzgruppen
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the SS death squads in Nazi Germany, who were responsible for the mass killings of people. Up to 1.5 million victims were estimated, as large groups of people were killed by the method of firing squads. Some of the victims included leftists, intellectuals, and Polish Jews.
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Marshall Plan
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the U.S. sponsored program that was established in 1947 for the rehabilitation and improvement of the economy in many nations of Europe. The plan was also established for the reason of preventing the spread of Communism. Some of the conditions of the plan were that any country seeking after aid needed to submit a plan and publicize their economic records to the U.S.
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Truman Doctrine
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the police created by President Harry Truman in 1947 that called for U.S. assistance (economic and military aid) toward Greece and Turkey against any communist influence. Some of the key points that President Truman made were to defeat “terrorist” communists, defend freedom, aid the poor, and rebuild the economy within those nations.
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Nikita Khrushchev
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He was the first secretary of the Russia’s Communist Party in 1953 and premier of the Soviet Union from 1958-1964. He was known for his policy which sought to “de-Stalinize” the Soviet Union and one that pursued a “peaceful coexistence” with Western Europe. Nikita also supported the early space program of the Soviet Union.
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