Contemporary And Moral Issues Test 3

Front 1

What are the two different types of virtue?

Back 1

Moral and Theoretical

Front 2

What is virtue according to Aristotle?

Back 2

virtue = happiness

Front 3

What are the 3 kinds of goods?

Back 3

Goods for own sake
Goods desired for end
Goods for consequences

Front 4

What was Socrates view on justice?

Back 4

Justice is enjoyable and good. (desired for an end)

Front 5

What is the ring of Gyges, and what does it have to do with justice and virtue?

Back 5

Counts justice out. Ring of invisibility. The idea that we are only just when we have to be. If we were unseen, we wouldn't choose to be just.

Front 6

What is the writing analogy according to Socrates

Back 6

Easier to see big letters, look at city before looking at the individuals and the smaller details.

Front 7

What is the source of a city (socrates)?

Back 7

The fact that we are not self sufficient and need to come together to help each other survive.

Front 8

What are the three classes of society?

Back 8

Auxiliary (crafts people)
Soldiers (army)
Guardians (rulers/philosophers)

Front 9

What is the myth of metals?

Back 9

It is how tasks are assigned. The belief that the gods made people and mixed their soul with a metal (silver, bronze of gold) which corresponded with rank.
Bronze - craftspeople
Silver - soldiers
Gold - rulers

Front 10

What are the four virtues of society?

Back 10

Wisdom (found in rulers)
Courage (soldiers)
Moderation (everyone)
Justice ( when everyone is doing what they are suited to do)

Front 11

What are the three parts of the soul?

Back 11

Rational - knowledge, wisdom
Spirited - fame, victory
Appetitive - money, food, sex

Front 12

What is al-Farabi's definition of happiness?

Back 12

Finding ones function, thus being different for every man. However, full realization is not possible since we are human.

Front 13

What is social contract theory?

Back 13

We view society as if a contract has been formed among us citizens and government grounds give and take of certain rights.

Front 14

What is the state of nature?

Back 14

Condition of nature before there is a society.

Front 15

What is diffidence?

Back 15

Making enemies, there's not enough to go around, enemies being made in the process.

Front 16

What are the four characteristics of the state of nature (state of war)?

Back 16

Equality of needs
Scarcity
Equality of power
Limited altruism (doing good just to do good)

Front 17

What are consequences of the state of nature (state of war)?

Back 17

There is not justice. concepts of right and wrong don't exist.
Morally right is redefined as do what we need to do to get what we want.

Front 18

What are Hobbes view on:
Human Nature?
State of Nature?
The contract (Gov)?

Back 18

Human nature - Bad
State of nature - Anarchy, no trust and fear
The contract - Power absolute, we give up rights willingly for strong protection. Monarchy.

Front 19

What is Lockes view on:
Human Nature?
State of Nature?
The Contract (gov)?

Back 19

Human nature- In between
State of nature - State of war with some rational or good impulses
The contract - because were rational we enter into an equal relationship. Democracy.

Front 20

What's Rousseau's view on:
Human Nature?
State of Nature?
The Contract (gov)?

Back 20

Human nature - Good
State of nature - Liberty, reliance on things not people
The contract - Sovereign and subject are the same. Communism

Front 21

What is cultural relativism?

Back 21

The idea that everyones culture is different morally and activities should be understood based on the culture.

Front 22

What is an absolute?

Back 22

Fixed and non-varying principle.

Front 23

What is a universal?

Back 23

Extracted from patriculars. It is the common denominator from many cultures.

Front 24

What are some problems with cultural relativism?

Back 24

-No on can be blamed such as Hitler, because he is merely a product of his culture.
-Difficulty in defining "culture" (how big does a group have to be to become a "culture)

Front 25

What are the main aspect of the Feminist Theory?

Back 25

Justice and Care. Self as decision maker, and importance on relationship within situation.

Front 26

What is Heinz Dilemma?

Back 26

One of the dilemas which were used to place men and women within the six stages of development.
Should we steal the drug for our dying loved one? Girls hesitate ending up lower on the stages of developement.

Front 27

What is Justice?

Back 27

Self decision maker, importance on rights and rationality.

Front 28

What is the definition of care?

Back 28

Importance on relationship. To hear or be heard and understanding.

Front 29

What is the definition of Generalized other?

Back 29

Treating everyone as rational individuals, removing all qualities and generalizing notions.
(obligation, duty)

Front 30

What is the definition of the Concrete Other?

Back 30

Focus on particular and concrete history, identity and relationships.
(love, empathy, solidarity)

Front 31

How does biblical perspective cohere with Feminist Theory?

Back 31

Pentecost - equalizer, the role of baptism now for everyone.

Concrete other, Non gender basis for morals, Failed system and Focus on care.