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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Contact Hypothesis |
Allport 1954 - contact between two groups reduces bias when 4 criterion are met: social norms in favour of intergration equal social status common goals co operation |
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Blanchard |
The contact is most effective if the common goals are met |
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Mackenzie 1948 |
War veterans opinions of African Americans Unskilled - 90% negative Skilled - 64% positive |
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Brown v Board of Education 1954 |
Won, making schools in america desegregateed - did work because few of the criterias in the contact hypothesis were met then changed to jigsaw classroom = successful |
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Festinger |
if social norms are in favour of intergration, then going against these will cause cognitive disonance - so people act according to the social norms to avoid cogintive dissonance |
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Paolini et al 2004 |
Asked catholic and protestans in Northern Ireland views on outgroup - more friends in the ourgroup = veiwed ourgroup as more vaired and more positively and had less anxiety about interacting with the outgroup |
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Indirect contact |
There are two types of indirect contact, extended and imagined works for highly segregated areas |
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Extened contact |
The knowledge that your friends have friends within the outgroup is enough to decrease intergroup bias |
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Evidence of extended contact working |
Wright 2006 - split into two groups and completed tasks aimed at increasing closeness, stage 2 - recieved negative evaluation from outgroup, 3 - 1p from each team completed another task for another study aimed to increase closeness then told their origninal team about it = reduced outgroup derogation at the end of each stage they split 500 between teams Cameron & Rutland - read stories about friendships between disabled and non diabled chidlren |
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Imaginged contact |
highly segregated areas where members of the in group are unlikely to know anyone from the outgroup, imaging positive contact with someone can reduce bias and anxiety |
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Crisp, Turner and Lambert 2007 |
Young ps imagined contact with elderly - after they reported being just as happy to talk to old or young people - reduced bias and anxiety |
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Decategorisation |
Brewer - seeing people as individuals rather than as a member of a category. frequent conact makes you more likely to see people as an individual rather than a category - the more you get to know about them |
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Turner and Crisp 2009 |
ingergative model of contact - contiuum from low opp to high opp for contact |
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Recategorisation |
Dovidion and Gaertner - instead of abondoning categories - make more inclusive ingroups, turn two groups into one big ingroup - emphasises the similarities |
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Mutual Intergroup Differentiation |
Hewstone and Brown 1986 - optimising contact whilest keeping in/outgroup categrories salient. characters must be representative can lead to generalised prejudice if the contact isnt positive or is anxiety inducing |
