Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the functional requirements of buildings? |
Shelter, security, comfort Ease of maintenance, repair, replacement Adaptability, durability Ability to recycle materials |
|
|
What factors contribute to the performance of a building from client's view? |
Space Thermal and acoustic performance Design/Aesthetics/Quality Cost of construction, use, demolition Service life of elements (how long till replace) |
|
|
What are the 2 construction defects? |
Product defects: Defects in materials used. Quite rare due to advanced manufacturing/qual control Newer products have greater risk
Process defects: Defects in construction (how materials put together) Depends on factors such as time constraints, experience of designers, flow of info to everyone |
|
|
How does a structure remain stable when a load is applied to it? |
-Applied loads transfer to material -Loads then follow LOAD PATH until they are dissipated in the ground -Stable when material able to dissipate load without failure |
|
|
Difference between cement and concrete? |
Cement is made from mixing clay, limestone into clinker then mixing gypsum. It is the glue that holds concrete together. Concrete is made from mixing aggregate, cement, water and admixtures. |
|
|
What is prestressed concrete? |
High strength concrete with steel tendons and some reo. Tendons are tensioned during construction which puts it in precompression. This is to improve service behaviour (deflections and cracking) |
|
|
Post-tensioned vs pre-tensioned concrete? |
POST: Tendons tensioned AFTER concrete hardening. Placed in special ducts to protect cables and bond between concrete & tendons.
PRE: Prestressed BEFORE concrete is cast, usually at factory. Concrete laid around prestressed tendon in formwork. When sufficient strength, prestressing force released. |
|
|
Steps in calculating shovel production rate? |
1) Determine bucket capacity 2) Determine cycle time 3) Identify factors 4) Prod rate = (Capacity/Cycle time) * Factors |
|
|
What is duty of care? |
Duty owed to one party (client) by another (engineer) due to relationship/status (designing structure). We must act with due care of a REASONABLE engineer in our position. |
|
|
Performance vs Prescriptive codes? |
Prescriptive: Details on specific aspects of a structure (beams must be at least this length/width)
Performance: Details criteria of design (must have deflection less than 0.5%) ^ More popular nowadays, more design freedom
|
|
|
Steps for traction calculation? |
1) Sketch and identify journey legs 2) Determine total resistance (rolling resist + grade resist) and destabilising force (xWeight) 3) Determine traction force (coeff of traction * weight on driving wheels) 4) Check TRACTION FORCE > DESTAB FORCE
|
|
|
Haulage production rate steps? |
1) Load/Volume in one cycle? 2) Travel time for each leg? Avg speed = max speed * speed factor Time = Dist / Speed
*Use diff table for downhill |
|
|
Diff between overall prod rate vs max prod rate? |
Max prod rate has no time wasted on breaks |
|
|
What are steps to constructing slab on house? |
Excavate/level site. Excavate trenches Allow for utilities. Dig out recesses so slab thickness is preserved. Set up formwork. Screed and compact sand bed for slab pouring Lay damp proofing membrane and install reo Pour, screed and finish concrete Cure concrete
|
|
|
Bored piles vs driven piles |
Bored piles: Done using large archimedes screw. Soil is extracted and piles placed in the wet concrete void.
Driven piles: Hammer raised to a height then dropped. The weight forces the pile into the ground. |
|
|
Pros/Cons of bored piles |
Pros: -Soil removed in boring can be inspected -Can be installed in large length/diameter -Pile material not dependent on handling/driving conditions Cons: -Concrete not placed under ideal conditions, not inspected -Not easy to extend above ground, may loosen granular soils and require grouting |
|
|
Pros/Cons of driven piles |
Pros: Material can be inspected before it goes to ground -Construction unaffected by groundwater -Readily carried above ground Cons: -May break during driving causing dmg -Noisy, vibration is nuisance -Cannot be done in low headroom conditions |
|
|
How to draw design pressure envelope? |
Identify all parameters Calculate PMAX values (use LESSSER value) Draw envelope (note hydrostatic pressure of concrete) |
|
|
What are the 3 stages of formwork loading? |
1) Before concrete placement 2) During concrete placement 3) After concrete placement, before full strength Loads: 1. Plywood + Stacked materials + Live 2. Plywood + concrete + mounding (live) 3. Plywood + concrete + Live |
|
|
Pros & cons of tower cranes? |
Pro: Lift heavy things very high and put them down Large radius, small footprint Cons: No mobility, time consuming to set up, expensive |
|
|
How is a tower crane erected? |
1. Crane hoists new section of tower and moves it to next tower section. 2. New tower attached to erecting (lifting) tower section of crane. 3. Erecting section hydraulically jacks up the slewing ring and jibs, new tower section placed on the previous tower section. 4. Erecting section jacks itself down and ring/jibs are repositioned on extended tower. |
|
|
How to do crane calc questions? |
1. Draw illustration 2. Convert to imperial 3. Apply any margins/modifiers. 4. Check chart and get value. |
|
|
Define burden |
Shortest distance to stress relief at time of blast detonation |
|
|
Define spacing |
Distance between adjacent blast holes, measured perpendicular to the burden. |
|
|
What is the stiffness ratio (SR)? |
H/B Bench height / burden |
|
|
What is stemming and what are its material requirements? |
Stemming is when an inert substance is filled between collar of blast hole and explosive charge to confine explosive gasses. Material can be water, mud, rock etc. If granular, particle size should be less than 3cm. |
|
|
How to do burden/explosive amt calculation questions? |
1. Calculate blast density (Qc) 2. Calculate stemming distance (T) 3. Calculate sub drill (U), burden length (B), and spacing (S). 4. Blast hole length (H + U) 5. Charge length (Blast hole - T) 6. Total amt explosive (Qc * charge length) |
