Conservation Biology Twu Test 1Chapter1

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Conservation Biology is

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a crisis discipline created as the result of the growing awareness that increasing extinction rates are caused by human population growth and widespread natural habitat destruction

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extinction rates are caused by

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human population growth and widespread natural habitat destruction

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The goal of conservation biology is to

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insure that existing species are capable of resisting/avoiding extinction and are capable of continuing to evolve in the face of environmental change

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Conservation biology is a multidisciplinary field because

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its practitioners are educated in both the applied and basic sciences

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applied sciences are concerned with

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concerned with sustainable use of the earth's resources

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basic sciences are concerned with

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how the onslaught of human-induced environmental change can be mitigated to avoid species extinction and community webs’ disarticulation and to insure the perpetuation of ecosystem services

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5 Ethical Principles of Conservation Biology

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The diversity of species and biological communities should be preserved.
The untimely extinction of populations and species should be prevented.
Ecological complexity should be maintained.
Evolution should continue.
Biological diversity has intrinsic value (be certain you know what intrinsic means)

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origins of Conservation Biology can be derived from _____ and __________

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religious and philisophical beliefs

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Measuring Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)

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Proyecto TAMAR was legislated in the 1980s. It is an innovative Conservation and Development project whose objectives are to ensure conservation of marine biological diversity – especially marine turtles (5 species are affected) along the Brazilian coast.

The critical idea behind this political initiative is that economic opportunity was stimulated by the conservation program.

Hence: Conservation and Development Project

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interaction between both areas of biology

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Participation by students, local fishermen, entrepreneurs, the local public, school children, tourists, and conservation and development agency personnel help to ensure the project’s goals can be sustained in perpetuity.

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Tanah Lot is a Hindu temple on the island of Bali, Indonesia. This temple exemplifies the Hindu connection with the natural world and its values and the importance of protecting nature. Sacred wilderness is protected and valued by practitioners of Chinese Taoism, Japanese Shinto, Indian and SE Asian Hinduism and Buddhism. Even Christianity, Judaism and Islam believe humans are stewards of nature.

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The dodo succumbed to extinction with human colonization of the island of Mauritius during the seventeenth century.

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Hindu, Buddhist and Judeo-Christian teachings view ‘humans in nature’ differently. Though all have a strong moral ethic against the destruction of nature, none of these traditions has completely avoided the biodiversity crisis probably because

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all religious teachings are anthropocentric (even indigenous american

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discuss Cooper, Emerson, Thoreau, Muir and Leopold
influences

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. Primack’s discussion of applied philosophical underpinnings is admittedly and decidedly Eurocentric. Your text's author looks for conservation biology’s antecedents in the American tradition teachings/preaching of Cooper, Emerson, Thoreau, Muir and Leopold. Key to understanding their line of reasoning on the importance of wilderness is their use of terms such as resources, intrinsic value, wilderness, and landscape. The philosophical difference of opinion still exists and influences the institutional policies of government agencies like the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, the Forest Service and nongovernmental agencies such as the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, the Nature Conservancy, Environmental Defense Fund, the World Wildlife Fund, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and more importantly, the United Nation’s Environmental Programme and the World Bank’s Global Environmental Facility

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discuss T. Hobbs "Noble Savage"

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Indigenous traditions throughout the world exemplify both the best and the worst in cultural concerns for biodiversity conservation and no one cultural example is better or worse than any other. We are prone to invoke T. Hobbs "Noble Savage" concept to place blame for the biological diversity crisis squarely among the pristine civilizations. Prior to the existence of cities, humans were savages, nobly living with and as a part of nature. Ongoing ecological and archaeological research has repeatedly demonstrated that as far back as the Upper Paleolithic (ca. 40 k ya), humans were extracting as much of the harvestable energy as their existing technology would allow. For example, the first colonists to the Americas were probably responsible for the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. Calling attention to other non-western approaches is useful nevertheless. The taboos that exist in many nonwestern cultural traditions can in many cases be traced back to historical ecological disasters where human's environmental impacts led to flood or famine

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normative discipline-

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embraces certain values and attempts to apply scientific methods to achieving those values pg 6

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conservation biology is closely associated with enviromentalism which is-

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a wide-spread movement characterized by political and educational activism with the goal of protecting the natural enviroment from destruction and pollution pg 6

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Anthropocentric

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human centered pg 13

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intrensic value-

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having value in and of itself, apart from its value to humanity pg 16

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Wilderness advocate -John Muir used the transcendental themes of Emerson and Thoreau in this campaign to preserve natural areas - Perservation ethics

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Natural areas such as forest groves, mountaintops, and waterfalls have spiritual value that are superior to tangible material gain obtained by their exploitation pg16

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sustainable development

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is development that best meets present and future needs without damaging teh enviroment and biological diversity pg 17

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Resource conservation ethic

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developed by Gifford Pinchot, proper use of natural resources is whatever with further the " greatest good of the greatest number of people for the longest time" this takes into account present and future generations pg 17

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ecosystem management

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places the highest management priority on cooperation amoung businesses, conservation organizations, government agencies & private citizens, to provide for human needs and maintain the health of wild species and ecosystems pg 18

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Rachel Carson wrote Silent Spring about ...

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pesticides and chemical companies in the losses in the bird population pg 18

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Conservation biology is a dynamic and growing field as indicated by :

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1. has resulted in government action, nationally and internationally
2. programs and activities are being funded as never before
3 goals have been adopted by conservation organizaitons
4. goals being incorporated into international science activities and policy
5 more media coverage
6 course offerings increasing
7 increasing size of professional society pg 20

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Aldo Leopold

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advocated striking a balance between managing land for ecological processes and satisfying human needs called land ethic , lobbied for national forests to be set aside as wilderness areas Pg 18