Conservation Biology Twu Test 1Chapter 4

Front 1

Ecological Economics
pg72

Back 1

Emerging discipline that studies interactions between economy and ecology

Front 2

"Voluntary Transaction"
pg72

Back 2

Monetary transaction only takes place when its beneficial to both parties.
--Reason why most people make seemingly short sighted decisions about the environment--

Front 3

Externalities
pg73

Back 3

Hidden costs or benefits

Front 4

Market Failure
pg73

Back 4

Occurs when resources are misallocated and allows few individuals to benefit at the cost of the larger society

Front 5

Open-Access Resources
pg73

Back 5

Collectively owned by society at large, available to all.
-Example: Water, Air and Soil

Front 6

Tragedy of the Commons
pg73

Back 6

Value of open-access resources is gradually lost to all society

Front 7

Common Property
pg73

Back 7

Resources owned by society but regulated for common benefit
-Example: Harvesting of fish in an area may be managed by a sustainable system

Front 8

Environmental and Economic impact assessments
pg74

Back 8

Consider Present and Future effects of the projects on the environment and economy

Front 9

Cost-Benefit Analysis
pg74

Back 9

Compares values gained v. cost of the project or resources used.

Front 10

Back 10

Example of Cost-Benefit

Front 11

Precautionary Principle
pg74

Back 11

When there is uncertainty about the risks associated with a project, better to err on side of no harm to the environment

Front 12

Perverse Subsidies
pg75

Back 12

Government payments or other financial incentives to industries that result in environmentally destructive activities

Front 13

Discount Rates
pg76

Back 13

Used to calculate the present value of natural resources that will be harvested or used at some point in the future

Front 14

Back 14

By excluding environmental costs and the loss of natural resources from economic analysis, many countries that appear to be making economic gains actually may be on the verge of economic collapse.

Front 15

Direct Use Value
pg80

Back 15

Products harvested by people
-Tangible product, what i get now.

Front 16

Indirect Use Value
pg80

Back 16

Provide current benefits to people such as rec or edu
-Non-Tangible, Benefits.

Front 17

Option Value
pg80

Back 17

Also part of indirect use value, determined by prospect of possible future benefits
-Future value

Front 18

Existence Value
pg80

Back 18

Non-use value that can be signed to biodiversity.
-Value of keeping it for science sake

Front 19

Bequest Value
pg81

Back 19

the value that people are willing to pay to protect this for their children or future generations.
-How important is this for the future

Front 20

total economic value
pg81

Back 20

Combo of: Direct Use, Indirect Use, Option Value and Existence Value

Front 21

consumptive Use Value
pg81

Back 21

Good that are consumed locally that do not appear in the national and international market place
Do Not appear in the GDP

Front 22

Productive use Value
pg81

Back 22

Products that are sold in markets

Front 23

Substitute cost approach
pg83

Back 23

A price put on Consumptive use products by assigning how much people would have to pay if the source was no longer available and the consumer had to purchase in market

Front 24

How many people depend on Fuelwood as a primary energy source for heating and cooking?

Back 24

2.6 Billion
This accounts for half of all global wood use.

Front 25

Common Name for Plant:
Measdowsweet
Ipecac plant
Coca Plant
Ephedrine
Genus Species? What drug?

Back 25

Genus Species & Drug:
Spiraea ulmaria-Asprin
Cephaelis ipecachuanha- Ipecac
Erythroxylum coca - Cocaine
Ephedra sinica- Ephedrine