Conservation Biology Of Endangered Marine Species

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What is conservation biology?

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an integrate, multidisciplinary science that has developed in response to challenge of preserving species and ecosystems

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3 Goals of Conservation Biology

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1. DOCUMENT the full range of biodiversity on Earth

2. INVESTIGATE human impact on species, genetic variation, and ecosystem

3. DEVELOP practical approach to prevent the extinction of species, maintain genetic diversity within species, and protect and restore biological communities and their associated ecosystem functions

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CITES

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Convention of International Trade of Endangered Species

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How many countries are in CITES?

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182

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How often does CITES meet?

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every 3 years

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Appendix III of CITES:

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unilateral decision by one country to include species. vote again in three years to see if species has improved. If not, move to appendix II

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Appendix II of CITES:

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need permit to export products from this animal. IF still not better in three years, move to Appendix I

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Appendix I

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can't export any product of species for any reason other than scientific ones

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What is the Costa Rica Dome?

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an upwelling of cold nutrient-rich water generated by a meeting of winds and currents west of Central America

upwelling brings thermocline up to 35 m

The CRD brings thermocline to top layer so the upwelling brings several nutrient that

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What is an upwelling?

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a process in which deep, cold water rises toward the surface

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Thermocline:

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a steep temperature gradient in a body of water marked by a layer above and below which the water is at different temperatures

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Phytoplankton

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primary producers

low temperature

high nitrate and chlorophyll--autotropos

can use light to produce energy

depend on sunlight to produce light

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Zooplankton

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heterotrofos

sometimes detrivorous

organisms drifting in all types of water

primary consumers

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What are they shooting the whale with and why?

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one person is tagging the whale and the other is getting a tissue sample

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What is the Costa Rica Dome and why is it so important to biodiversity?

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is an upwelling of cold nutrient-rich watergenerated by a meeting of winds and current west ofCentral America Upwelling is a process in which deep, cold waterrises toward the surface

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What does thermocline mean?

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A steep temperature gradient in a body ofwater marked by a layer above and belowwhich the water is at different temperatures

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Describe the seasonalmigration that blue whales andother baleen species do, Why theblue whale migrate to the CostaRica Dome?

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Winter: warm, low latitude tropicalwaters (breed and give birth)

Summer: cooler, high latitude polarwaters (feeding)

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What is CBD

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Convention of Biological Diversity

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What is a Marine Protected Areaand what are they created for?

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MPA are patches in the marine environment managed for the conservation of biodiversity,fisheries resources, and for research and management, generating recreational, economic,aesthetic and educational benefits (Hoyt 2005, Edgar et al. 2007). The goal is to assure the permanence of the whole marine biodiversity spectrum, fromgenetic variability to populations, from species to the complete function of ecosystems,thereby providing goods and services for future generations

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PowerPoint Presentation Why this blue whale isfloating belly-up? Explainyour answer and suggestsolutions

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PowerPoint Presentation Because the autopsy reveal that acollision with a ship, probably aspeeding cargo, it had collided andproduce fatal injuries Solutions: Reduce speed and relocateshipping lanes

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international chronostratigraphic chart

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documents the extinction periods

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Ordovician extinction

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500 million years ago

50% of animal families extinct including trilobites (look like horseshoe crab)

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Devonian extinction

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350 million years ago

30% animal families extinct, including some early fishes

70% of all invertebrates extinct

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Permian extinction

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now this one was a real doozy

"The Great Dying"

250 million years ago

magma from Siberia adiós Pangea (this bitch don't know bout Pangea)

50% Animal Families extinct

95% marine species extinct

many trees and amphibians also extinct

dycinodonts --meerkats

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Triassic extinction

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180 million years ago

35% animal families extinct, half of species including many reptiles and and marine mollusks

conodont--boneless eel

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Cretaceous Extinction

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65 million years ago

dinosaurs and many mollusks became extinct

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Anthropocene

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6th extinction. currently in it. HUMAN CAUSED AH

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Conservation Biology's Ethical Principle

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1. The diversity of species and ecosystems should be preserved

2. The untimely extinction of populations and species should be prevented (Biophilia: genetic predisposition of human to like biodiversity)

Extinction of species + Human activities = Evolution of new species extinctionincreased 100-fold

3. Ecological Complexity should be maintained.

4. Evolution should be continued in order to a.) preserve genetic diversity and b.) allow dispersal and gene flow

5. biodiversity has intrinsic value--

a.) economic: assign monetary value to each species/ecosystem based on goods/species

b.) evolutionary history: adaptation leads to new species and increases biodiversity

c.) ecologically complex: unique ecology role

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intrinsic value? whatever it's just what he said

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1) General respect for life

2) Reverence for nature or specific part of it

3) A sense of the beauty

4) Fragility, uniqueness, antiquity of the living world

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Totemism

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It is a practice of having a naturalobject or animate being, such as as abird or animal, as the emblem of afamily, clan, or tribe. The group’smembers are therefore forbidden tohunt, kill, or eat the totem.

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Dodo

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extinct 1680

easy to hunt. did not fly.

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Wild cattle – Bos primigenius

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inhabited Europe, Asia, and North Africa

extinct 1627 due to overhunting

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Thoreau

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wrote Walden/Life in the Woods

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John Muir

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Naturalist

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Gifford Pinchot

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First Head of U.S. National Forest Service

"resource conservation ethic"

sustainable development

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Aldo Leopold

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Biologist; criticized resource conservation ethic; nature is considered a collection of individual goods

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Rachel Carson

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marine biologist and conservationist

bans on DDT

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Raymond Dasmann

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wrote Concept of Conservation Biology

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David Ehrenfeld

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forerunner of Conservation Biology

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Michael Soulé

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conservation biologists

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biodiversity

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the number, variety andvariability of living organisms (Groombridge 1992) A variety among living organisms from all sources including,inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystemsand the ecological complexes of which they are part; thisinclude diversity within species, between species and ofecosystems (Article 2, Biodiversity Convention)

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Conservationists define biodiversity as

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Conservation biologists use the term, biologicalbiodiversity or simply biodiversity, to mean the completerange of species and biological communities, as well as thegenetic variation within species and all ecosystemprocesses

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Three Levels of Biodiversity

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1) Conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity)

2) Sustainable use of its components

3) fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising fromgenetic resources