Conservation Biology Midterm-Threats To Biodiversity 3

Front 1

timeline of ESA determination

Back 1

90 days to make an initial determination, FWS/NOAA have 12 months to make final determination, then recovery plan process begins -whole process actually takes many years due to funding and political issues -once listed a review is due every 5 years

Front 2

Species is listed as endangered or threatened

Back 2

no take rule, critical habitat listed, consultation clause-if an action is proposed that may harm species FWS or NOAA is supposed to be consulted -FWS/NOAA may issue incidental take permits if it (the take) is deemed to not have an affect on the health of the species

Front 3

take

Back 3

once a species has been listed as threatened or endangered you cannot take it harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, or collect, or attempt to engage -habitat was not mentioned, serious flaw in law -has been taken to court over spotted owl and judge ruled habitat protection is implicit in definition (Sweethome decision)

Front 4

experimental population

Back 4

wolves in Yellowstone considered experimental population, once we release an endangered spp we cannot take it, introduced population of an endangered spp. are classified experimental populations & are afforded one step lower protection level -allows problem animals to be captured and relocated, at what point does an experimental population become independent (introduced wolves are starting to interbreed with wolves moving in from Canada)

Front 5

critical habitat as defined by ESA

Back 5

habitat that a threatened or endangered spp needs, does it include area spp once existed in or where it exists now, or in recent history -currently being debated in the courts -supposed to be defined during the listing process but doesn’t usually happen until later because it is expensive and time intensive

Front 6

species as defined by ESA

Back 6

biological species as we know it plus subspecies plus any distinct population segment (thats why we can have different runs of salmon protected)

Front 7

distinct population segment (as redefined in 1997)

Back 7

discreet from other populations, significant to the species as a whole

Front 8

ESA

Back 8

the most important tool (as conservation biologists) we have in this country, -current passed in 1973 with several changes -says that the people of the US value the preservation of species

Front 9

purpose of ESA

Back 9

The purposes of the act are to provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered species and threatened species depend may be conserved, to provide a program for the conservation of such endangered species and threatened species, ant to take steps as may be appropriate to achieve the purposes of the treaties and conventions set forth in subsection (1) of this section

Front 10

biodiversity is good-starting point for whole field -why?

Back 10

Intrinsic vs. instrumental value, -provide goods and services to humans-instrumental value -biodiversity important for ecosystem resiliency, everything is connected -some claim that diversity breeds stability but ecological research isn’t backing this up -seems like the more links in the food chain the more resiliency for predators -community ecology is a beginning field

Front 11

Unbiased measure of species diversity better calculated by

Back 11

simpson index-more objective

Front 12

Shannon-weiner is more biased to

Back 12

rare species and change in rare species-displays changes in abundance to rare species-works better for making comparisons over time