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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
how in the recent society gave humans developed?
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#we have learned how to use our enviroment to our advantage
#our numbers have risen dranatically #using more of earths resources #activities affect other species, directly or indirectly |
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what is extinction
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when species ceases to exist
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what can extuction cause
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loss of biodiveristy
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what is monoculture habitat and give a real life monoculture habitat
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a crop of plants of single species bred to be very similar, making it eady to havest
example... oil palm plantation in malaysia between 1985 - 2000 respobsible for 87% deforestation in malaysia.A futher 6 million hectares are scheduled to be cleared for oil palm plantations in malaysia |
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name some human activity that reduces biodiversity and may cause extinction.
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# hunting for food
#killing for protection #killing to remove competition for food #pollution #habitat destruction |
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give an economic reason to conserve
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the figure for the economic value of natural ecosystems is approximatly $33x10*12. based on systems the benefit humans like.
> regulation of atmosphere and climate >purifucation and retention of fresh water >fertilisation of soil >detoxification and recylcling of waste >crop pollination >growth of timber |
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give an ecological reason to conserve
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ecological processes like photosynthesis provide oxygen and remove CO2.
processes in soil provide food growth |
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give some ethical reasons to conserve
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all living organisms have the right to live in the way they have adapted.
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Give some aesthetic reasons to conserve species
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We experience joy and wellbeing when observing nature.
studies show patients recover rapidly from stress or injury in a natural environment. |
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What is a gene pool
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sum total an variety of all the genes in a population or species at a given time.
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What threats are there to species with low genetic diversity?
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changes in the climate
increase level of pollution emergence of new disease arrival of new pests |
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How may organisms benefit from agriculture?
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high CO2 Levels altering levels of photosynthesis
high temp increase growth loving growing seasons greater of evaporation of water thee for greater precipitation. |
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What is conservation in situ mean?
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conserving a species in its natural environment
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Give methods of conservation?
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legislation
conservation parks |
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How will legislation help conservation?
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laws put in place to ban hunting and poaching, clearing land and logging.
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What are the benefits of In situ conservation?
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What are the advantages of designating areas as reserves?
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-plants and animals conserved I natural environment
-permanently protects biodiversity and representative of ecosystem -permanently protects significant elements of natural and cultural heritage. -it facilitates scientific research -Possible to restore the ecological integrity of area. |
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What conflicts could arise from in situ reserves excluding human activity?
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protected animals may cone out of the reserve
people may continue to hunt illegal harvesting of timber and other plant produce. tourists feeding protected animals or leaving litter. |
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What is conservation ex situ
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conserving endangered species by activities that take place outside it's normal environment.
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Why is captive breeding difficult?
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-not I their natural environment so fail to breed successfully
-space is limited and this limits the number of individuals which restricts genetic diversity -even when they survive reproduction they need to survive reintroducing process. being able to adapt to survive ill be found difficult for a species with lower genetic variation. -they may not be accepted by the wild members of species - |
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What are modern techniques to preserve genetic material?
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-in vitro fertilisation
-reproductive physiology is quite species specific and further research into endangers species is needed to ensure techniques are used effectively - carrying out research on domestic species that are similar to target species speeds up process. |
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What are the advantages of conserving plants?
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There is only one dominant stage in plant development and that's the seed.
-seeds can be collected from the wild without disturbance of ecosystem. -stored in huge numbers without occupying much space. -can be replanted in wild. |
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Give some disadvantages of plant conservation?
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-Any collecting if wild seeds may cause disturbance
-collected sample may not hold representative selection for genetic variation. -seeds stored for a length of time may not be viable. -plants bred asexual will be genetically identical reducing genetic diversity even more. -research based on a small sample may not be valid for the whole species. |
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What are seed banks give some examples?
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a collection of seed samples. The Kew millennium seed bank project at wakehurst in Sussex is the largest ex situ conservation projects.
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How do you prolong viability of seeds?
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stored in very dry or freezing environment. For every 1% decrease in seed moisture level the life span doubles.and for every 5*C reduction of temp the life span doubles. seeds are Checked regularly to check viability.
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explan how scientists at Kew carry our germination tests each year?
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They must first remove the sample and germinate them periodically.
They plant the seed in petri dishes of nutrients agar and keep them controlled conditions. scientists measure the germination rate ( percentage of seeds that germinate) and success of germination. This allows scientists to monitor the condition of seed storage. research continues into physiology of seed dominance a day germination. eventually trying to discover most effective methods of storage. |
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name some international corporations in place for conservation?
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*CITES (convention of international trades in endangered species of wild fauna and flora)
*convention on biological diversity signed by 150 government leaders in 1992 *zoos *botanical gardens *seed banks *EIA (Environment impact assessments) |