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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Counsciousness

The subjective experience of perceiving oneself and other entities. It is an awareness of both internal and external stimuli.

Wundt's idea of how to study consciousness

Introspection

Alpha waves

Fairly relaxed brain waves occurring just before going to sleep



Delta waves

Slow lazy deep sleep brain waves



Beta waves

Rapid brain waves that take place when a person is awake

Repair and restoration Theory

suggests that sleep enables body to recover from exertions of the day

superchiasmatic nucleus

a daily rhythmical change in behavior



Activation synthesis theory

Why Do We Dream?:


(One of three Theorys)


corticies attempt to make sense of random impose arising from activity in pons.


-Make sense of nonsense (random rural activity)

Neurocognitive theory

(two of three theorys)


A kind of thinking that occurs under conditions of low sensory input and no voluntary control.(You have info and you or no one is telling you what to do so you hang onto a thought and dream about it.)



How can we measure ways in which we are different from each other?

1. Intelligence


2. Personality



intelligence= +

intelligence= mental ability + Intellectual potential

Stanford-Binet

4 categories:


1. verbal reasoning


2. quantitive reasoning


3. memory


4. abstrct/mental reasoning


4. david wechsler

Evaluating intelligence tests

1. sampling issues


2. reliability


3. validity



Reliability

(consistency), high reliability = testing is consistent. Low reliability= testing is not consistent throughout tests.

validity

the extent to which it measures what the test claims to measure

Flynn effect

performance on intelligence tests have steadily increased with each generation.

stereotype threat

unique feelings of vulnerability that stem from derogatory stereotypes of a stigmatized group.


-assumes that members of a minority groups are keenly aware of negative academic stereotypes regarding intellect.

Personality

the pattern of characteristic thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish one person from another and that persists over time and across situations.

Gordon allport

-personality is not just a list of traits but rather consists of a coherent whole.



How has personality been studied?

1. psychodynamic approach


2. Learning approach


3. Humanistic approach

psychodynamic approach

asserts that conflicts among unconscious internal forces( wishes and motives) influence behavior and serve as the foundation for personality.

Histericol symptoms

(people believe something is wrong, but nothing is actually wrong) explanation: historical symptoms are a mask for their unconscious emotions.

According to the psychodynamic approach personality consists of three components

1. Id; all your biological urges(eat,drink,poop)


2. Ego; servant to the id, but operates according to reality principle; maximize satisfaction in a way that avoids negative consequences.


3. superego; moral component that contains learned societal rules.



defense mechanisms

unconscious strategies employed by the ego to reduce the anxiety that arises when id and superego conflict.

Displacement

expressing negative impulses through alternative channels (release of negative energy goes towards initial anger causation)



sublimation

produces something of value (puts anger towards something of value)

Learning approach

-assumes that the same principles of learning that shape behavior apply to human personality


-much learning/experience comes from obervation


**Monkey see monkey do**

Learning approach; how personality develops

behavior learned persisted 2 weeks later, persistent behavioral change reflects underlying change in behavior

Determinaism

every behavior has a cuase

learning approach; what is the cause of my behavior ?

past experience

psychodynamic approach; what is the cause of my behavior?

your unconscious conflicts within.

reductionism

attempt to explain behavior in terms of component elements.

psychodynamic approach; components elements in reductionism=

id, ego, superego


-behavios/personality are eaplained by id ego/superego

learning approach; components elements in reductionism=

situations and past experiences.

Humanistic approach

-emphasizes the uniqueness of the human condition


****views each person as inherently good.

phenomenology

subjective human everience

self concept

(carl rogers)


- what you believe your unique quailities are


-you have the ability to see your self


*****how I am*****

ideal self

**how I would like o be***

incongruence

discrepancy between self concept and ideal self. greater the incongruence the greater anxiety.



Unconditional postive regard

-Need to be loved for who you re, if not you develop a self concept of someone you are not.

mallows hierarchy of needs

1. survuval


2. safety


3. Love


4. ego and esteem


5. need for self -actualization

personality trait

consisten, long lasting tendency in behavior(climate) ex. outgoing, anxious, talkative)



personality state

temporary activation of particular behavior (weather) ex. shy in new situations (normally outgoing)

The big 5

1. Openness to experience (imaginative)


2. Conscientiousness (organized)


3. extraversion (social)


4. Agreeableness(trusting)


5. nueroticism (worried, insecure..)



Personality assessment

1. Standardized tests


2. Projective tests


3.implicit personality tests

standardized tests

a. NEO PI-R


b. MMPI-2




-both high in validity and high in reliability

Implicit personality tests

whats unique about you that you don't know


(affective priming paradigm)


-show pic of spider then one of two words...