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11 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

Adaptive theory of sleep

Sleep is the evolutionary outcome of self-preservation



Restorative theory of sleep

Suggests that sleep allows the brain and body to restore certain depleted chemical resources, while eliminating wastes that have accumulated during waking day

Circadian Rhythm

Within each 24-hour cycle, we experience a sustained period of wakefulness that gives way to a period of sleep


-Shifts in body temperature~naps and feeling energized/fatigued


-Considered "biological clock"


-Pitutary gland secretes hormones while we sleep

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

-Located in hypothalamus


-Responsible for coordinating the many rhythms of the body


-When night time comes, it directs the pineal gland to secrete melatonin~causes sleepiness

Patterns of sleep

Every 90-100 mins while we sleep, we pass through a cycle that consists of five stages (EEG readings)


Hypnagogic state: experience alpha waves, experience strange sensations (falling)


Stage 1 of sleep: alpha waves to theta waves, signals a bridge between wakefulness and sleep (lasts only few mins)


Stage 2 of sleep: slowing of brain waves, exhibit sleep spindles, breathing becomes rhythmic, at the end delta waves replace theta waves~deep sleep (lasts 15-20 mins)


Stage 3 of sleep: 20-50% of EEG waves are delta waves


Stage 4 of sleep: percentage of delta waves increases to more than 50%, heart rate blood pressure and breathing rates all drop to lowest levels (stage people are prone to sleep walking)

REM sleep

Stage of sleep associated with rapid and jagged brain-wave patterns, increases heart rate, rapid and irregular breathing, rapid eye movements, and dreaming

Freudian dream theory

argued that dreams represent the expression of unconscious wishes or desires


- believed that dreams allow us to rid ourselves of the internal energy associated with unacceptable feelings

Information processing theory

Dreams are the minds attempt to sort out and organize the days experiences and to fix them in memory

Activation synthesis model

theory that dreams result from the brain's attempt to synthesize or organize random internally generated signals and give them meaning


- Neurons in the brain stem activate neurons in other areas throughout the brain, the brain then combines these signals into a story or dream

Most common sleep disorders

1. Insomnia (caused by stress, dependence)


2. Sleep apnea (common in overweight men)


3. Night terrors

Effects of Psychoactive drugs

- Drugs work by affecting neurotransmitters


- Reward learning pathway


- Neurotransmitter is dopamine