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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phenomenology |
how things seem to the conscious person |
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Problem of other minds |
thefundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others |
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Mind/Body problem |
theissue of how the mind is related to the brain and body |
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Four Basic Properties ofConsciousness |
Intentionality, Unity, Selectivity, Transcience |
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Intentionality |
the quality of beingdirected toward an object |
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Unity |
Resistance to division: try to attend to morethan one thing at a time |
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Selectivity |
thecapacity to include some objects but not others |
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transcience |
tendency to change |
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Dichotic listening |
peoplewearing headphones are presented with different messages in each ear |
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Cocktail party phenomenon |
peopletune in one message even while they filter out others nearby |
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Minimal Consciousness |
occurs when the mind inputs sensations and mayoutput behaviour(poke in sleep and turn over) |
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Full Consciousness |
youknow and are able to report your mental state (thinking about the fact that youare thinking about things) |
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Self Consciousness |
theperson's attention is drawn to the self as an object, evaluate yourself andnotice your shortcomings (embarrassment, videotaped) |
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Currentconcerns: |
what people are thinking about repeatedly |
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Daydreaming: |
astate of consciousness in which a seemingly purposeless flow of thoughts comesto mind |
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Default network |
manyareas in brain are activated when a person is not given a specific mentaltask(self, past and future |
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mental control |
the attempt tochange conscious states of the mind |
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Thought suppression |
conscious avoidance of a thought |
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Rebound effect of thought suppression |
the tendency of a thought to remain inconsciousness with greater frequency following suppression |
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ironic processes of mental control |
ironicerrors occur because the mental processes that monitors errors can itselfproduce them |
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Freudian unconscious |
Dynamic unconscious and repression |
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Dynamic unconscious |
anactive system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person's deepestinstincts and desires, and the person's inner struggle to control these forces |
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Repression |
a mental process that removes unacceptablethoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in unconsciousness |
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Cognitive unconscious |
allthe mental processes that are not experienced by a person but that give risetot eh person's thoughts, choices, emotions and behaviours |
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Subliminal perception |
when thought orbehaviour is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously reportperceiving-unconsciousinfluences on behaviour are not limited to subliminal persuasion-unconscious mind isbetter in decision making than conscious |
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Altered state of consciousness |
aform of experience that depart significantly from the normal subjectiveexperience of the world and mind |
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Hypnagogic state |
presleep consciousness |
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Hypnic jerk |
asudden quiver or sensation of dropping |
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Postsleep consciousness |
waking consciousnesswhen you are in foggy and inprecise form |
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Circadian rhythm |
naturally occurring 24hr cycle |
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Electrooculograph(EOG) |
device to measure eye movements |
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Somnambulism |
sleep walking |
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Sleep paralysis |
experience of waking up and being unable tomove, sometimes associated with narcolepsy |
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Night terrors |
abrupt awakenings with panic and intenseemotional arousal |
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Manifest content |
a dream's apparenttopic or superficial meaning |
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Latent content |
adream's true underlying meaning |
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Activation synthesis model |
dreams are producedwhen the mind attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs inthe brain during sleep |
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Dreaming brain |
-amygdala is activeduring REM sleep-visual perceptionis not activated but visual association areas are when dreaming-prefrontal areasare associated with planning and actions show less arousal-during REM, themotor cortex is activated but spinal neurons running through the brain steminhibit the expression of motor activation |
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Psychoactive drugs |
chemicalsthat influence consciousness or behaviour by altering the brain's chemicalmessage system, increase the activity of neurotransmitter(agonist) ordecreasing its activity(antagonist) |
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Drug Tolerance |
thetendency for larger drug doses to be required over time to achieve the sameeffect |
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Physical dependence |
pain, hallucinations, convulsions or otherunpleasant symptoms follow withdrawal |
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Psychological dependence |
strongdesire to return to drug even when physical withdrawal symptoms are gone |
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Depressants |
substancesthat reduce the activity of the central nervous system, seductive or calmingeffect that tend to induce sleep in high doses and can arrest breathing inextremely high doses (alcohol, gasoline, glue) |
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Alcohol |
euphoria,redued anxiety, slowed reactions and increases activity of GABA (inhibits thetransmission of neural impuses) |
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Expectance Theory |
alcohol effects are produced the people'sexpectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations |
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Balanced placebo design |
behaviouris observed following the presence or absence of an actual stimulus and alsofollowing the absence or presence of a placebo stimulus |
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Alcohol myopia |
alcoholhampers attention leading people to respond in simple ways to complexsituations |
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Stimulants |
substances thatexcite the central nervous system heightening the arousal and activity levels(caffeine, amphetamines, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy), increase the levels ofdopamine and norepinephrine in the brain (increase alertness, energy,confidence, motivation) |
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Ecstasy |
feel empathetic,party drug, interfering with body regulation |
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Cocaine |
aggressivenessand paranoia, derived from coca plants |
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Nicotine |
motivatedby unpleasantness of quitting rather than pleasantness of using |
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Narcotics or Opiates |
drugsderived form opium that are capable of reliving pain, induce a feeling ofwell-being and relaxation, endorphins |
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Hallucinogens |
drugsthat alter sensation and perception often causing hallucinations(LSD, acid,ketamine), do not induce tolerance or dependence |
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Marijuana |
leaves and buds ofhemp plant, affects judgement and short term memory and impairs motor skillsand coordination. |
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Hypnosis |
altered state of consciousness characterizedby the suggestibility and the feeling that one's actions are occurringinvoluntary |
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Posthypnotic amnesia |
the failure toretrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forgetIncreases peron'sconfidence in false memories |
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Hypnotic analgesia |
reduction of pain through hypnosis in peoplewho are hypnotically susceptible |
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Meditation |
practice of intentional contemplation,produces temporarily altered patterns of brain activation-produces patternsknown as alpha waves that are associated with relaxation-low levels ofactivation in posterior superior parietal lobe(locating self in space)-immersion and lossof self |
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Ecstatic Religious experiences |
-show same type ofbrain activation that occurs in some cases of epilepsy-right temporal lobemight be involved when people without epilepsy experience profound religiousfeelings |
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Awake |
Beta Waves |
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Drowsy/Relaxed |
Alpha waves |
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Stage 1 Sleep |
Theta waves |
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Stage 2 Sleep |
Sleep spindles(keep you asleep), K complexes |
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Stage 3-4 Sleep |
Deltawaves(growth hormone and getting ready for next day) |
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REM Sleep |
Fast, random, Sawtooth waves (consolidatememories), dreams |
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Properties of REM |
High frequency brainwaves Darting eye movements Increased heartrate, breathing rate-when dreams happen |
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Functions of Sleep |
Bodily regulation Attention and performance Sustained attentioncan be particularly difficult Learning and memory The frontal,parietal and temporal lobes behave differently(less efficient) whensleep-deprived (e.g., Drummond et al., 2000, Nature) Emotion regulation |
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Insomnia |
difficulty getting to sleep and staying asleepdue to hormones(chronic) |
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Sleep apnea |
stopbreathing for a moment when you are asleep so you wake up continuously |
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Narcolepsy |
sudden/involuntarilyand dramatic falling asleep |
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Kleine-Levin Syndrome (KLS) |
Sleeping beautysyndrome where people will sleep 19-20hrs a day |
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Dreaming |
Intense emotion Illogical thought Vividness Uncriticalacceptance Difficulty withremembering |
