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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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normative
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inherently value-laden; based on norms of society; "perspective"
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positivism
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not value-lade; objective; "scientific method"
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NGO
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non-governmental organization
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SAR
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species-area relationship
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KT boundary
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Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary; about 65 million years ago; last major extinction crisis before current one
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GNP
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gross national product (i.e. value of a national economy in a given year / how rich a country is); in the US, it's $18 trillion / year
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phylogenetics
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genetic heritage (looking at diverse branches in the tree of life)
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GMO
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genetically modified organismam
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AFLP
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amplified fragment length polymorphism
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SNP
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single nucleotide polymorphism
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mtDNA
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mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid
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cpDNA
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chloroplast deoxyribonucleic acid
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model
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representation or abstraction of a system of a process; oversimplification of reality
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metapopulation
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a population of populations
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SLOSS
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single large or several small debate
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SLOBS
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single large or bazillion small debate
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IBT
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island biogography theory
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IUCN
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International Union for the Conservatin of Nature
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IBI
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index of biotic integrity; assesses biotic attributes of a river reach via comparison with expected conditions with reference reaches where human impacts have been minimal; started with fish in streams in INdiana, but the principles are also applicable to other taxa; abundance and diversity (popn'n, community) several different levels; tells about hwo degraded a stream is; problems: hard to find unmodified reference streams (esp. larger ones); Karr
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IHA
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index of hydrologic alteration; utilizing generally-available data sets, the IHA summarizes the hydrograph using stastics that represent five types of intra-annual variability; hydrograph changes after dam construction; designed to capture ecologically relevant variables, not just hydrologically relevant ones; senseitive to human use; problem: scale/requirement for paired watersheds; lack of historical data for most rivers in the world
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SER
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society for ecological restoration; goal is sustained reproducing populations with threats taken care of
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EU
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European Union
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ASS
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alternate stable state
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MARXAN
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program for reserve design in marine ecosystems; originally developed for the Great Barrier Reef; based on terrestrial reserve design model (SPEXAN), but marine biologists wanted to feel special so they gave it their own name (MARXAN = MARine SPEXAN = MARine SPatially EXplicit ANnealing)
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IPCC
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intergovernmental panel on climate change
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UNMEA
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United Nations Millenium Ecosystem Assessment
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Michael Soulé
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grandfather of conservation biology (1978 --> first conference); diversity, ecological complexity, evolution are all good; diversity has intrinsic value, not just monetary
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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transcendentalism (spiritual value in nature)
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Henry David Thoreau
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Walden Pond author; nature advocate; opposed materialism
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John Muir
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destroying nature is destroying God's work; Yosemite National Park; Sierra Club
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Gifford Pinchot
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first head of US Forest SErvice; resource conservation ethic from a utilitarian point fo view (meet current needs without compromising future generations; don't waste resources; don't rely only on the market for valuation)
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Aldo Leopold
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land ethic (humans are a part of the land/nature); maintain ecological health
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preservation
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Muir, Emerson, Thoreau; nature has intrinsic value
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conservation
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Pinchot; utilitarian viewpoint
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Robert Costanza
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founded discipline of ecological economics; estimated value of world's ecosystem services
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Richard Levins
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coined the term metapopulation
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James Karr
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developed the IBI
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pleistocene
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the 'Ice Age'; 1.6 million years ago to 11,500 years ago
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Brian Richter
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developed the IHA
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David Schindler
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used two whole lakes to test whether C or C+P would lead to eutrophication; found that the C stayed blue while the C+P turned green!
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Eugene Schieffelin
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single-handedly introduced the starling (major pest) to North America (New York); life goal was to introduce every bird from William Shakespeare's plays to North America (debated)
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Michael Mann
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Sarah's conservation biologist dream boyfriend (Micheal Mann der Traummann!); developed the hockey stick graph of global temperatures
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MVP
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minimum viable population
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WMO
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world meteorological organization
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UNEP
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United Nations Environmental Programme
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