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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is climate change creating? |
mismatch between trees and environments e.g. droughts in california (trees are dying here) whereas trees in other areas are unaffected |
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how to understand how trees will respond to warming climate? |
need to see how trees have reacted in the past e.g. in past: BC winters experience higher temps causes mountain pine beetle outbreak, spruce and aspen dieback |
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what happens when tree populations experience rapidly changing climate? |
trees migrate in response to this to areas with similar conditions to what they're used to OR develop adaptation to new conditions (trees change to deal with new climate - will either die or tolerate through changing their physiology) |
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plasticity |
process by which trees adapt to changing conditions - would either day or tolerate the new conditions by changing their physiology e.g. when you're hot you take off your sweater |
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plasticity vs. adaptation |
plasticity - happens for an individual in it's lifetime adaptation - happens over an entire population and timeframe |
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extirpation |
when populations die |
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extinction |
when species die |
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biogeoclimatic ecological classification |
eco mapping program that shows different ecosystems of BC based on the dominant plant cover |
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what does the distribution of plants depend on? |
temperature - determines what plants would be able to thrive best in, reproduce, and compete w other species |
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climatic envelope/niche |
particular ecosystem conditions a species lives under e.g. specific precipitation, temps, etc. |
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what do BEC zones determine and how? |
predict current and future distributions of ecosytems by using the climate associated with each BEC zone
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what do BEC zones NOT tell you? |
where ecosystems/ species will be |
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where is adaptation expected to occur based on BEC's? |
in between climate gradient |
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why does it take trees so long to migrate to escape climate change? |
because the tree needs to be old enough to have seeds for migration, and seeds must be able to be dispersed and then planted and then need to be able to disperse it's own seeds once old enough, and so forth move 100-200m/year |
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how fast do trees need to travel to escape climate change? |
7 km/year |
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provide an example of migrating trees |
white bark pine to disperse the pine's seeds, clark's nutcracker needs to break open the cones of the pine and hide the seeds, then forget where they put them. But, there is a disease that is depleting this bird's populations = no dispersal, especially because grizzly bears would find and eat these seeds |
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how can assisted migration be used in conservation? |
as a tool to get trees to the favourable climatic area faster. plant the species in their current range, as well as the favourable range for the future |
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how can assisted migration be negative? |
because the migrated trees can pose as an invasive, and can alter the current relationships of the current ecosystems by outcompeting |
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possible fates of a tree population in rapidly changing climate |
1. adaptation 2. migration 3. extirpation 4. persistence/resilience |
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coral example of assisted migration |
people will need to migrate corals and breed them for greater heat tolerance |
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white bark pine example of assisted migration |
assisted migration of white bark pine would not be an issue as they are very slow growing and thus can not outcompete other species within that area |
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what is the best way to ensure the trees you plant are best suited to your climate? why is this technique not relevant anymore? |
want to get seeds from local populations - because each seed from different areas would be adapted to different historic climate conditions not relevant anymore because local seed populations are adapted to new type of climate because the temperatures are changing |
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why are sitka spruce trees from colder regions smaller? |
because they are adapted to a smaller growing season - adapted to not growing as much because they don't want to get damaged from the cold vs. trees from warmer areas grow more because they are used to a longer growing season |
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how are populations adapted to regions? |
genetically adapted to historic climate |
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why does climate change pose a threat to these adaptations? |
because climate change changes the distribution of climate, and thus mismatches which trees are supposed to be in what region |
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how to deal with climate change when doing assisted migration? |
plant mixture of species when assisting migration because so much variability of future climate |
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how can you understand how trees have adapted to new climates? |
BCE maps, seedling experiments, DNA sequencing |
