Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the major structural protein of the body?
|
Collagen
|
|
|
Describe the structure of collagenous fibers.
|
Thick threads of collagen. They are grouped in long parallel bundle. They are flexible and slightly elastic.
|
|
|
What is the main example of where collagenous fibers can be found?
|
Tendons and ligaments.
|
|
|
What is the structure of dense connective tissue and what does this tissue look like?
|
It contains abundant collagenous fibers and appears white. Often called white fibers.
|
|
|
What is the flexibility of collagen?
|
Collagen is flexible but only slightly elastic.
|
|
|
What is loose connective tissue lacking that dense connective tissue has pleny of?
|
Collagenous fibers.
|
|
|
What are elastic fibers comprised of?
|
A spring-like protein called elastin.
|
|
|
How would you describe the tensile strength of elastic fibers?
|
Weaker than collagen, but much more elastic.
|
|
|
Where would you find abundant elastic fibers?
|
In air passages of the respiratory system and in the vocal cords?
|
|
|
What color is elastic fiber?
|
Yellow, often time called, yellow fibers.
|
|
|
What is the structure of reticular fibers?
|
Comprised of very thin collagenous fibers. They are highly branched and form delicate supporting networks.
|
|
|
What is one organ you can find reticular fibers in?
|
The spleen.
|
|
|
What do fibroblasts do?
|
Secrete proteins that become fibers.
|
|
|
What do fibroblasts look like?
|
Large, star shaped cells.
|
|
|
Where can fibroblasts be found?
|
They are widely distributed throughout the body.
|
|
|
What do macrophages do?
|
Clear foreign particles from tissues by phagocytosis. They are "motile", meaning capable of their own movement. They are capable in some cases of detaching from the fibers to actively move and seek out particles and pathogens.
|
|
|
What are macrophages found?
|
Sometimes attached to fibers.
|
|
|
What is the most abundant tissue type by weight?
|
Connective.
|
|
|
What is the extracellular matrix is basic terms?
|
The space between the cells and connecting fibers.
|
|
|
What are the basic functions of connective tissues?
|
Support, protect, fill space, store fat, produce blood cells, fight infection, repair tissue damage.
|
|
|
How do mast cells prevent clotting?
|
By secreting heparin, an anticoagulant.
|
|
|
What substance do mast cells release that is associated with allergies, asthma, and inflammation?
|
Histamine.
|
|
|
What are mast cells usually located near?
|
Blood vessels.
|
|
|
What part of the body can you find mast cells in?
|
They are widely distributed throughout the body.
|
|
|
What are the two categories of connective tissue?
|
Connective tissue proper, and specialized connective tissues.
|
|
|
What is another name for loose connective tissue?
|
Areolar tissue.
|
|
|
What tissue type stores fat in its cytoplasm?
|
Adipose tissue, which is comprised of adipocytes.
|
|
|
What is a function of adipose tissue?
|
Cushions joints and some organs, such as the kidneys. It also insulates beneath the skin and stores energy in the form of fats.
|
|
|
What is the structure of reticular connective tissue?
|
Thin, collagenous fibers in a three-dimensional network.
|
|
|
What is the function of reticular connective tissue?
|
Provide framework for certain internal organs. (Example: Liver, spleen, lymphatic organs)
|
|
|
Why does having a sprain take a long time to heal?
|
Blood supply to dense connective tissue is poor, resulting in slow tissue repair.
|
|
|
What is the structure of dense connective tissue?
|
Closely packed, thick collagenous fiobers, a fine network of elastic fibers, and several cells, most of which are fibroblasts.
|
|
|
What is the main example of where dense connective tissue can be found?
|
Tendons and ligaments.
|
|
|
What mainly comprises elastic connective tissue?
|
Elastin fibers. Collagen fibers are in this tissue type, but to a much less degree. It also contains fibroblasts.
|
|
|
What is main example of where elastic connective tissue is found?
|
Between the bones of the spinal column.
|
|
|
What tissue type forms structural models for many developing bones?
|
Cartilage.
|
|
|
What are cartilage cells called?
|
Chondrocytes.
|
|
|
What are the chambers that you find chondrocytes called?
|
Lacunae.
|
|
|
What is the name of the connective tissue that covers a cartilaginous structure?
|
Perichondrium.
|
|
|
How does cartilage obtain its nutrients?
|
Diffusion through the perichondrium.
|
|
|
What is an example of what hyaline cartilage looks like?
|
It looks like white glass.
|
|
|
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
|
The ends of bones, in the soft part of the nose, and in supporting rings of the respiratory system.
|
|
|
Why is hyaline cartilage is important to children?
|
It serves as models that bone (osseus) tissue replaces.
|
|
|
What is the most rigid tissue type?
|
Osseus tissue.
|
|
|
What two mineral salts contribute to osseus tissues density?
|
Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.
|
|
|
What does the extracellular matrix of osseus tissue contain in abundance?
|
Collagenous fibers.
|
|
|
What is the primary function of bones?
|
Internall support body structure.
|
|
|
What does bone contain that forms blood cells?
|
Red marrow.
|
|
|
What does bone release and store?
|
Inorganic chemcials, like calcium and phosphorus.
|
|
|
What is a bone cell called?
|
An osteocyte.
|
|
|
What is bone matrix deposited by?
|
Osteocytes.
|
|
|
What are the thin layers of bone matrix called?
|
Lamellae.
|
|
|
What are the tubes called that capillaries in bone tissue run through?
|
Central, or Haversian, canals.
|
|
|
What is the name of a central canal in which osteocytes and extracellular matrix form around?
|
An osteon, or Haversian system.
|
|
|
Bones appear inert, but actually are very _____ cells.
|
Active.
|
|
|
What is the main fluid extracellular matrix called?
|
Plasma.
|
|
|
What blood cell functions entirely in the blood vessels?
|
Red blood cells.
|
|
|
What are platelets involved primarily with?
|
Clotting.
|
|
|
What is the function of a white blood cell?
|
To fight infections.
|
|
|
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
|
To transport gases.
|
|
|
How do white blood cells exit the blood?
|
Through capillary walls.
|
|
|
Where do blood cells form?
|
In special tissues in red marrow within the hollow part of certain bones.
|
|
|
What is the name of the special tissue that forms red blood cells?
|
Hematopoietic tissue.
|
|
|
What is the structure of epithelial membranes?
|
Thin, sheetlike structures composed of epithelial and underlying connective tissue.
|
|
|
Where are serious membranes found?
|
Line body cavities that do not have an opening to the outside of the body.
|
|
|
What type of epithileal tissue is a serious membrane made of and what type of connective tissue is it attached it?
|
Simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue.
|
|
|
What does a serous membrane excrete?
|
Serous fluid.
|
|
|
What is the function of serous fluid?
|
To lubricate membrane surfaces.
|
|
|
Where can mucous membranes be found?
|
Lining cavities and tubes that have an opening to the outside of the body, like the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems.
|
|
|
The skin is a membrane of the body. What is the term for the skin if being described as a membrane?
|
Cutaneous membrane.
|
|
|
Synovial membranes are made entirely of what?
|
Connective tissue.
|
|
|
What epithelial tissue type lines the oral cavity?
|
Stratified squamous epithelium.
|
|
|
What epithelial tissue type lines the nasal cavity?
|
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
|
|
|
What does a mucous membrane secrete?
|
Mucus.
|
|
|
What cells in the mucous membrane secrete mucus?
|
Goblet cells.
|
|
|
What epithelial tissue type lines the intestinal tract?
|
Simple columnar epithelium.
|
|
|
What can muscle cells do that most cells cannot?
|
They are contractile; they can shorten and thicken.
|
|
|
What are skeletal muscles attached to?
|
Bone.
|
|
|
What are skeletal muscles usually controlled by?
|
Conscious effort.
|
|
|
Muscles you can consciously control are called what type of muscle?
|
Voluntary muscle.
|
|
|
What are light and dark cross markings on muscle cells called?
|
Striations.
|
|
|
What do muscle cells have many of that most cells only have one of?
|
Nuclei.
|
|
|
What sends messages to muscle cells?
|
Nerve cells.
|
|
|
What type of muscle cell has only one nucleus?
|
Smooth muscle.
|
|
|
What does smooth muscle tissue lack that skeletal muscle has?
|
Striations.
|
|
|
Where can you find smooth muscle tissue?
|
The walls of hollow internal organs like the stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels.
|
|
|
Smooth muscle usually cannot be controlled by ________ ______ while skeletal muscle can.
|
Conscious effort.
|
|
|
If you cannot control what a muscle does (like the heart) it is called what type of muscle?
|
Involuntary.
|
|
|
Where is the only place in the body you can find cardiac muscle tissue?
|
The heart.
|
|
|
How many nuclei are in a cardiac muscle cell?
|
Only one.
|
|
|
What type of specialized intercellular junction is only found in cardiac muscle tissue?
|
Intercalated disc.
|
|
|
What are the three main places you can find nervous tissue?
|
The brain, the spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
|
|
|
What is the basic nerve called?
|
A neuron.
|
|
|
Other than neurons, nervous tissue includes an abundant supply of cells called what?
|
Neuroglial cells.
|
|
|
What do neuroglial cells do?
|
Support and bind the components of nervous tissue, carry on phagocytosis, and help supply nutrients to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels.
|
|
|
What is solid matrix made of?
|
Bone.
|
|
|
What is fluid matrix made of?
|
Plasma.
|
|
|
What is solid-gel matrix made of?
|
Cartilage.
|
|
|
What is a fluid-gel matrix made of?
|
A gel-like ground substance that contains collagen and elastin fibers.
|
