Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the three components of ground substance?
|
1) glycosyaminoglycans
2) structural glycoproteins 3) tissue fluid |
|
|
What is ground substance?
|
transparent fluid+matrix where cells and fibers are embedded in CT
|
|
|
What are glycosaminoglycans?
|
long, unbranched poly saccharide that attracts water
|
|
|
What are proteoglycans?
|
GAG such as hyaluronic acid attached to protein
|
|
|
What are structural glycoproteins?
|
little bit of carb + LOTS of protein
|
|
|
What are the most important/relevant glycoproteins?
|
1) fibronectin
2) laminin 3) chorondronectin |
|
|
What is the hallmark of CT?
|
lots of ECM surrounding cells
|
|
|
What are the basic characteristics of collagen?
|
-organized into fibrils
-made from structural unit tropocollagen -non elastic |
|
|
Where can you find collagen type I?
|
normally places you would expect to find cartilage
|
|
|
Where would you find collagen type II?
|
hyaline cartilage
elastic cartilage |
|
|
Where would you find collagen type III?
|
reticular fiber
|
|
|
Where do you find collagen type IV?
|
basal lamina
|
|
|
what is the most common form of cartilage in the body?
|
type I
|
|
|
Where are elastin fibers found?
|
-all loose CT
|
|
|
What forms elastin? (2)
|
1) fibroblasts
2) smooth muscle |
|
|
Where are reticular fibers involved?
|
-smooth muscle
-endonuerium -lymphoid organs/bone marrow framework |
|
|
How must you stain for reticular fibers?
|
-with silver NOT with H&E
-agyrophilic |
|
|
Which fibers have an amorphous coating on the outside and which fibers have an amorphous core?
|
-reticular fibers have amorphous outside
-collagen has an amorphous core |
|
|
What is the order of structure for collagen starting with tropocollagen going to bundle?
|
tropocollagen
↓ fibril ↓ fiber ↓ bundle |
|
|
Which type of CT fiber is like a mesh and does alot of branching?
|
reticular fibers
|
|
|
Which CT fiber provides tensile strength? distensibility?
|
collagen - tensile strength
distensibility - elastin |
|
|
What are the characteristics for identifying active fibroblast?
|
1) oval/spindle shaped nucleus
2) very euchromatic 3) 1-2 nuclei 4) large 5) cant see cytoplasm |
|
|
what is function of fibroblast?
|
synthesize and secrete all types of ct fiber and ground substance
|
|
|
What are features of inactive fibroblast/fibrocyte?
|
1) very spindle shaped nucleus
2) heterochromatic |
|
|
What is the difference between a fibroblast and a fibrocyte?
|
a fibrocyte is an inactive fibroblast
|
|
|
What is the classification scheme for a monocyte?
|
-indented basophilic nucleus
|
|
|
What is the characteristic of the macrophage?
|
-single lobe nucelus
-slight intend with peripheral chromatin |
|
|
What is the characteristic of a lymphocyte?
|
-dense dense circle with heterochromatic nucleus
|
|
|
What is the function of the monocyte?
|
progenitor of macrophage
|
|
|
what is the function of the macrophage?
|
1) phagocytize foreign material
2) present antigen to immune cell |
|
|
What is the function of the lymphocyte?
|
T lymphocyte - cell mediated immunity
B lymphocyte - progenitor of plasma cell |
|
|
plasma cell is to macrophage as X is to monocyte
|
B lymphocyte
|
|
|
What is the histological profile of a plasma cell?
|
-oval
-well defined basophilic cytoplasm -nucleus not on center |
|
|
What is the function of plasma cell
|
make antibody
|
|
|
What is the histological profile of a mast cell?
|
-granules in cytoplasm
-small central nucleus with peripheral heterochromatin |
|
|
What is in the granules of mast cells?
|
-glycosaminoglycans, histamin, proteases
|
|
|
What is in CT mast cells vs mucousal mast cells?
|
CT - heparin
mucousal - chodroitan sulfate |
|
|
What is the differential profile for neutrophils?
|
-3 -5 lobular nucelus
-granules |
|
|
What are the functions of nuetrophiles
|
1)responsible for 4 cardinal signs of inflammation
|
|
|
What is the profile for eisnophils?
|
-bi-lobed nucleus
-granules |
|
|
What is the H & E relevance of eisnophils?
|
granules look bright red in H & E stain
|
|
|
What is diagnostic profile of adipocyte?
|
lg lipid droplet surronded by peripheral nucleus
|
|
|
What is the descendent of mesenchyme?
|
1) fibroblast
2)white fat 3) brown fat |
|
|
How do you differentiate brown fat from yellow fat?
|
1) brown fat has lots of drops of fat and central nucelus
|
|
|
What makes up the RBC cytoskeleton?
|
-no organelles
-tons of actin -tons of Hb |
|
|
What is the largest percentage of WBCs?
|
neutrophils
|
|
|
What is the least common white blood cell
|
basophil
|
|
|
What does a basophil look like?
|
bi-lobular nuclei
granules |
|
|
What is the purpose of basophils?
|
-granules contain heparin and histamine
-assist mast cells |
|
|
What do platelets look like?
|
no nucleus
disk like cell fragment |
|
|
What is the megakaryocyte?
|
irregularly lobulated nucleus
breaks up to form platelet |
|
|
What is the overall theory of hematopoeisis?
|
pluripotentent cell
↓ multipotent lymphoid and myeloid |
|
|
What arises from multipotent lymhoid?
|
B and T lymphocytes
|
|
|
What originates from myeloid multipotent?
|
RBC, eisinophil, basophil, neutrophil, megakaryocyte, monocyte
|
|
|
What are the three phases of hematopoiesis?
|
1) mesoblastic
2)heptaic 3) myeloid |
|
|
What happens in the mesoblastic phase?
|
blood cells form from mesenchymal cells in yolk sac and body stalk at 3 weeks
|
|
|
What happens in the hepatic phase?
|
blood cells from in liver, thymus and spleen at 8 weeks
|
|
|
What happens in the myeloid phase?
|
blood cells form in bone marrow at 12 weeks
|
|
|
What are the different types of connective tissue?
|
1) Connective Tissue proper
2) CT with special properties 3) CT for support |
|
|
What are the different types of CT Proper?
|
Loose
Dense - Reg, Irreg |
|
|
What are the different types of CT with special properties?
|
Adipose
Elastic Hematopoeitic Mucous |
|
|
What are the special types of CT for support?
|
Bone
Cartilage |
|
|
What are the four things to compare CT based on?
|
1) number and type of cell
2)arrangement of fibers 3) arrangement of ground ground substance 4) number and type of fibers |
|
|
What is another name for areolar connective tissue?
|
loose ct
|
|
|
What are the hall marks of areolar CT?
|
1) tons and variety of CT cells
2) mostly collagen 3) irregularly placed, small collagen 4) gelatinous ground substance |
|
|
Where is areolar CT found?
|
-around muscles
-around epithelial tissue of all organs |
|
|
What is lamina propria?
|
loose CT supporting epithelium
|
|
|
please talk me through how to differentiate between the blood cells, por favor
|
</img>
|
|
|
What stain preserves the lipid droplet for fixation?
|
osmium tetroxide
|
|
|
Which cell has a ruffled membrane in EM?
|
macrophage
|
|
|
Which cell has a negative golgi?
|
plasma cell
|
|
|
Which cells have nucleus that kind of looks like a wheel?
|
plasma cells
|
|
|
What are the hallmarks of dense irregular ct?
|
1) big bundles of collagen, little elastin, no reticular fibers
2) randomly oriented collagen 3) less cells 4) less ground substance |
|
|
Where is dense irregular CT found?
|
dermis of skin
|
|
|
Where is dense regular CT found?
|
tendons
|
|
|
What are the hallmarks of dense regular?
|
1) mostly collagen arranged in parallel bundles
2) mostly fibroblast cells 3) little ground substance 4) little vascularity |
|
|
What are the hallmarks of elastic CT?
|
1) elastin + collagen
2) elastin in sheets held together by fenestrations with collagen |
|
|
What produces the elastic CT?
|
-smooth muscle cells
-fibroblasts |
|
|
Where do you find elastic CT?
|
walls of blood vessels
|
|
|
Where do you find reticular CT?
|
-mesh network of lymphoid tissue
-bone marrow -spleen -lymph nodes |
|
|
What are the hallmarks of reticular CT?
|
1)collagen type III fiber
2) reticulocytes |
|
|
What are the two types of adipose CT?
|
1) white
2) brown |
|
|
What are the differences between white adipose tissue and brown?
|
1) collagenous fibbrillar septa - divide tissue into lobules in white, NO lobules in brown
2)reticular fibers support white, not in brown 3) rich vasculature in brown, not white |
|
|
Where is white fat?
|
everywhere except
1) eyelids 2) penis 3) scrotum 4) auricle of external ear |
|
|
Where is brown fat?
|
neck of newborns
lower abdominal wall |
|
|
What are the hallmarks of Mucous CT?
|
-lot of ground substance
-primitive fibroblast -limited fibers |
|
|
Where do you find mucous ct?
|
umbilical cord
|
|
|
What is a connective tissue that we often forget
|
blood
bone cartilage |
