Connective Tissue

Front 1

3 things connective tissue is made up of

Back 1

1)cells and extracellular matrix which is divided into 2) fibers and 3) ground substance

ECM=fibers+ground substance

Front 2

4 types of connective tissue

Back 2

1)loose/areolar fibrous
2)loose/areolar cellular
3)dense irregular
4)dense regular

Front 3

Mesenchyme=
examples?

Back 3

embryonic connective tissue
-ex) umbilical cord (wharton's jelly)

Front 4

Dense Irregular vs. Dense Regular

Back 4

irregular=thick dominant fibers/irregular arrangement
regular=thick dominant fibers/same orientation

dense=compacted fibers

Front 5

reticular tissue is in what kind of tissue? form what? bind what staining?

Back 5

lymphatic, type III collagen, silver salts

Front 6

Elastic Tissues located where? what do they look like?

Back 6

located underneath endothelial cells that line blood vessel/smooth muscles.

usually appear as wavy pink bands

Front 7

What is a proteoglycan aggregate? what is it made of? what is it's purpose?

Back 7

made up of hyaluronan (spine) linker proteins (shoulders) and proteoglycans (Arms-hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfate=become VERY hydrated and vary btw tissues)

purpose:all the water that aggregates around proteoglycans serves as a shock absorber because water is incompressible

Front 8

protelgylcan resembles a?

Back 8

test tube cleaning brush, molecular boa/kelp

Front 9

Fixed connective tissues

Back 9

fibroblast, mast cell, reticular cell, pericyte, adipocyte, undiff mesenchymal cells

Front 10

Synthesis of Collagen. 5 steps.

Back 10

1)Synthesis of precollagen and procollagen in RER
2) Golgi packages and secretes PROcollagen
3)Enzymatic removal of nonhelical domain via procollagen peptidase-->tropocollagen
4)Self-aggregation in staggered array=collagen fibril (Striated pattern)
5)Side by side crosslinking=collagen fibers

Front 11

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

Back 11

defect in procollagen peptidase. if not tropocollagen is formed, collagen microfibrils cannot be created=inadequate cross linking of tropocollagen to form microfibrils=hyperelasticity of the skin

Front 12

Synthesis of Elastic Fibers

Back 12

1) in RER: Proelastin+Microfibril glycoprotein+fibrillin 1 and 2===Elastic Fibers
2) in ECM: MAGP+tropoelasti=immature elastic fibers
3) Fibrillin 1-structural support
Fibrillin 2-regulates assembly of elastic fiber

Front 13

Marfan Syndrome
genetic how?
mechanism?

Back 13

autosomal dominant disorder, definiciency in fibrillin 1=mitral valve prolapse, dilation of root of aorta, aortic dissections, chest derform, long arms, long toes (arachnodactyly)

Front 14

a bacteria secretes hyaluronidase. what happens?

Back 14

breaks down hyaluronic acid back hone of the proteoglycan aggregates in connective tissue of skin=can't hold water

Front 15

where are proteoglycan aggregates plentiful? what is added to them that helps them?

Back 15

cartilage/bone. sulfated molecules=hard gel material

Front 16

Cleavage of the______ of the procollagen molecule by _____converts the procollagen molecule to tropocollagen.

This takes place outside of the _______

Back 16

non-helical ends by procollagen peptidase
fibroblast.

Front 17

The side-by-side_____ and self-aggregation of tropocollagen is the next step and this is facilitated by_____.

Back 17

cross-linking, lysyl oxidase

Front 18

_____ and_____ are intracellular events in the formation of the procollagen molecule.

Back 18

Glycosylation and disulfide bond formation

Front 19

______are extracellular copper enzymes that initiate the cross-linking of collagens and elastin by catalyzing oxidative deamination of amino groups in certain lysine and hydroxylysine residues.

Back 19

Lysyl oxidases (protein-lysine 6-oxidases)

Front 20

The cross-links formed by tropocollagen are responsible for the ____ strength of collagen fibers and the unique ____ properties of_____.

Back 20

tensile

elastic properties of elastin

Front 21

In cartilage, The sulfate groups of chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are very____, and are therefore,_____ .

Back 21

acidic, and are therefore basophilic.

Front 22

hematoxylin is a base, it binds to ____ in sulfate proteogylcans.

Back 22

acid groups in sulfate proteogylcans

A helpful mnemonic device is to think of hematoxylin as "BB", "blue" and "basic". It will stain DNA, RNA (as in mRNA at the rough endoplasmic reticululm), and acidic groups such as those found in connective tissues.

Front 23

Fibrocartilage and the basal lamina both have what kind of collagen?

Back 23

type 1