Conm 136

Front 1

end bearing pile

Back 1

A bearing pile that is driven down to hard ground so that it carries the full load at its point. Also known as a point-bearing pile.

Front 2

Friction pile

Back 2

A bearing pile surrounded by earth and supported entirely by friction; carries no load at its end

Front 3

batter pile

Back 3

A pile driven at an inclination to the vertical to provide resistance to horizontal forces. Also known as brace pile; spur pile.

Front 4

Grade beams

Back 4

surface soil’s load-bearing capacity is less than the anticipated,Grade

Front 5

Pile cap

Back 5

a reinforced or mass concrete connecting beam cast around the

Front 6

floating mat

Back 6

are mats used to supports equipement in wet or muddy areas

Front 7

mat foundation

Back 7

are used to distribute heavy column and wall loads across the entire

Front 8

slab-on-grade (SOG)

Back 8

oncrete slab that is to serve as the foundation for the structure is formed

Front 9

stepped footing

Back 9

A widening at the bottom of a wall consisting of a series of steps in the

Front 10

Combined Footing

Back 10

A footing, either rectangular or trapezoidal, that supports two columns

Front 11

wall or strip footing

Back 11

is the one which privides a contious gitudinal bearing. spread footing for continuous wall

Front 12

Column Footing

Back 12

Is a cement footing placed at the bottom of a column to help support the load and pread the weight over a larger area

Front 13

Deep Foundations

Back 13

embedded deep into the ground.common reasons are very large design loads, a poor soil, site constraints

Front 14

Shallow Foundations

Back 14

is a type of foundation which transfers building loads to the earth very near the surface,

Front 15

OSB

Back 15

Oriented strand Board

Front 16

Caisson

Back 16

A large-diameter, deep reinforced concrete foundation element made by drilling a hole into the ground and filling it with concrete, an enclosure that permits excavation work to be carried out underwater

Front 17

Heart wood

Back 17

is wood nearer the heart of a stem or branch, different in colour from sapwood

Front 18

Bulb pile

Back 18

A concrete pile with a bulbous enlargement at the bottom

Front 19

Timber pile

Back 19

Last longer below ground water level. cheaper then concrete. rot easily in not kept under water.

Front 20

Pith

Back 20

composed of soft, spongy parenchyma cells, which store and transport nutrients throughout the plant

Front 21

cellulose

Back 21

is the structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes

Front 22

waferboard

Back 22

belongs to the subset of reconstituted wood panel products called flakeboards, which is a type of particleboard

Front 23

Sap wood

Back 23

the part of living wood where sap flows

Front 24

particle board

Back 24

is an engineered wood product manufactured from wood chips, sawmill shavings, or even saw dust, and a synthetic resin or other suitable binder, which is pressed and extruded

Front 25

fiberboard

Back 25

is a type of engineered wood product that is made out of wood fibers

Front 26

I-joist

Back 26

a product designed to eliminate problems that occur with conventional wood joists

Front 27

I-beam

Back 27

is a beam with an I- or H-shaped cross-section. The horizontal elements of the "I" are flanges, while the vertical element is the web. The web resists shear forces while the flanges resist most of the bending moment experienced by the beam. Beam theory shows that the I-shaped section is a very efficient form for carrying both bending and shear loads in the plane of the web

Front 28

dimension lumber

Back 28

is a term used for lumber that is finished/planed and cut to standardized width and depth specified in inches

Front 29

sole plate, bottome plate

Back 29

in construction and architecture is the bottom horizontal member of a wall or building to which vertical members are attached. Sill plates are usually composed of lumber

Front 30

top plate

Back 30

upper wall plate which is fastened along the top of the wall studs, before the wall is lifted into position and on which the platform of the next story or the ceiling and roof assembly rest and are attached

Front 31

sill plate

Back 31

lower wall plate which is bolted or strapped securely to the top of a foundation wall or concrete slab. These hold the house down against heavy winds.

Front 32

wood grain

Back 32

the term grain refers to the alternating regions of relatively darker and lighter wood resulting from the differing growth parameters occurring in different seasons

Front 33

Evergreen

Back 33

plant is a plant that has leaves in all seasons.

Front 34

Decuduous

Back 34

falling off at maturity" or "tending to fall off", and is typically used in reference to trees or shrubs that lose their leaves seasonally

Front 35

Conifer

Back 35

Any of various mostly needle-leaved or scale-leaved, chiefly evergreen, cone-bearing gymnospermous trees or shrubs such as pines, spruces, and firs.

Front 36

broad leaved tree

Back 36

is any tree that has wide leaves,

Front 37

Softwood trees

Back 37

trees such as Conifers. Evergreen trees are often called softwoods with the notable exceptions being bald cypress and the larches

Ceder, pine, spruce

Front 38

Hard wood

Back 38

they are mostly deciduous
,ash, aspen, birch, cherry, elm, hazel, Mahogany, maple, oak, teak

Front 39

Plain sawing

Back 39

Lumber produced by sawing a log in one or two directions only. the grain pattern varies from nearly parallel to the wide face to perpendicular

Front 40

quarter sawing

Back 40

Lumber produced by cutting the log radially into four quarters and then sawing into along radial lines

Front 41

Green lumber

Back 41

is wood that has been recently cut and therefore has not had an opportunity to "season" (dry) by evaporation of the internal moisture.

Front 42

Seasoning

Back 42

Drying the wood out. air dry or kilm drying

Front 43

knot

Back 43

A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually for the worse, but may be exploited for visual effect.
cause by a branch growing out of it.

Front 44

Crook

Back 44

warping of the board in a C shape while laying flat

Front 45

Bow

Back 45

warping of the board in a that looks like a bow on its side

Front 46

Twist

Back 46

warping of the board in a twisting way like a twizzler

Front 47

cup

Back 47

the board warps in a u shape while laying flat sides warp upward.

Front 48

wane

Back 48

to decrease in strength, intensity

Front 49

Nominal Dimensions

Back 49

Nominal

Actual

Actual - Metric



1" x 2"

3/4" x 1-1/2"

19 x 38 mm



1" x 3"

3/4" x 2-1/2"

19 x 64 mm



1" x 4"

3/4" x 3-1/2"

19 x 89 mm



1" x 5"

3/4" x 4-1/2"

19 x 114 mm



1" x 6"

3/4" x 5-1/2"

19 x 140 mm



1" x 7"

3/4" x 6-1/4"

19 x 159 mm



1" x 8"

3/4" x 7-1/4"

19 x 184 mm



1" x 10"

3/4" x 9-1/4"

19 x 235 mm



1" x 12"

3/4" x 11-1/4"

19 x 286 mm



1-1/4" x 4"

1" x 3-1/2"

25 x 89 mm



1-1/4" x 6"

1" x 5-1/2"

25 x 140 mm



1-1/4" x 8"

1" x 7-1/4"

25 x 184 mm



1-1/4" x 10"

1" x 9-1/4"

25 x 235 mm



1-1/4" x 12"

1" x 11-1/4"

25 x 286 mm



1-1/2" x 4"

1-1/4" x 3-1/2"

32 x 89 mm



1-1/2" x 6"

1-1/4" x 5-1/2"

32 x 140 mm



1-1/2" x 8"

1-1/4" x 7-1/4"

32 x 184 mm



1-1/2" x 10"

1-1/4" x 9-1/4"

32 x 235 mm



1-1/2" x 12"

1-1/4" x 11-1/4"

32 x 286 mm



2" x 4"

1-1/2" x 3-1/2"

38 x 89 mm



2" x 6"

1-1/2" x 5-1/2"

38 x 140 mm



2" x 8"

1-1/2" x 7-1/4"

38 x 184 mm



2" x 10"

1-1/2" x 9-1/4"

38 x 235 mm



2" x 12"

1-1/2" x 11-1/4"

38 x 286 mm



3" x 6"

2-1/2" x 5-1/2"

64 x 140 mm



4" x 4"

3-1/2" x 3-1/2"

89 x 89 mm



4" x 6"

3-1/2" x 5-1/2"

89 x 140 mm

Front 50

glue laminated wood

Back 50

Glulam, is a type of structural timber product composed of several layers of dimensioned timber bonded together with durable, moisture-resistant adhesives

Front 51

laminated veneer lumber

Back 51

(LVL) is an engineered wood product that uses multiple layers of thin wood assembled with adhesives. It offers several advantages over typical milled lumber: it is stronger, straighter, and more uniform

Front 52

Parallel strand lumber

Back 52

(PSL) manufactured wood product composed of narrow strands of venered lumber glued together, all oriented in the same direction to form a member of large cross section

Front 53

laminated strand lumber

Back 53

Dried wood veneers laminated in layers, all oriented in the same direction to form a large structural member

Front 54

plywood

Back 54

a panel made from multiple thin layers of wood weneer ahered with glue under heat and pressure so that the grain direction of a veneer is perpendicular to that of the adjacent veneer

Front 55

sheathing

Back 55

a panelized material applied to the exterior surfaces of wood or light-gauge steel frame members to add rigidity to the frame and to serve as a base for (wall) cladding or roofing

Front 56

Subflooring

Back 56

Structural (rough) floor beneath a floor finish, such as carpet or floor tiles

Front 57

anchor bolt

Back 57

is used to attach objects or structures to concrete

Front 58

Bridging

Back 58

Structural members, laid perpendicular to wood or steel framing members, to stabilize them against overturing amd bracing them against buckling.

Front 59

sill plate

Back 59

is the bottom horizontal member of a wall or building to which vertical members are attached

Front 60

Cripple

Back 60

A damaged or defective object or device

Front 61

headers

Back 61

structural members in light-frame construction which run perpendicular to floor and ceiling joists, "heading" them off to create an opening

Front 62

jack stud

Back 62

a shorter rafter (than a common rafter) that joins to a hip or valley rafter

Front 63

Stud

Back 63

closely spaced vertical members that constitite a wood light frame or light-gauge steel frame wall

Front 64

Floor joist

Back 64

is one of the horizontal supporting members that run from wall to wall, wall to beam, or beam to beam to support a ceiling, roof, or floor.
It may be made of oriented strand board, plywood, wood, steel, or concrete

Front 65

ceiling joist

Back 65

is one of the horizontal supporting members that run from wall to wall, wall to beam, or beam to beam to support a ceiling, roof, or floor.
It may be made of oriented strand board, plywood, wood, steel, or concrete

Front 66

Header joist

Back 66

A framing member which crosses and supports the ends of joists transferring their weight to parallel joists or studs.

Front 67

Rim joist

Back 67

In the framing of a building, a rim joist is the final joist that caps the end of the row of joists that support a floor or ceiling. A rim joist makes up the end of the box that comprises the sub flooring.

Front 68

Rim board

Back 68

A component of a flooring system that serves as a framing member to enclose the floor joists. It runs around the perimeter of the house/structure.

Front 69

Rafter

Back 69

is one of a series of sloped structural members (beams) that extend from the ridge or hip to the wall-plate, downslope perimeter or eave, and that are designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads
common, hip, valley, jack,tail

Front 70

Sump

Back 70

A pit used to collect water, from which it is pumped out

Front 71

sump pump

Back 71

is a pump that is inserted into a sump to pump out the water

Front 72

Vapor barrier

Back 72

is often used to refer to any material for damp proofing, typically a plastic or foil sheet, that resists diffusion of moisture through wall, ceiling and floor assemblies of buildings and of packaging

Front 73

Drainage mat

Back 73

a mat used for drainage that goes on the side of the building.

Front 74

Truss

Back 74

a structural member with triangulated, linear elements, typically used for large spans

Front 75

Partition walls

Back 75

a non load bearing interior wall the separates space but does not carry floor or roof loads

Front 76

Load bearing wall

Back 76

A wall that supports superimposed gravity loads, such as floors and the roof

Front 77

Ridge beam

Back 77

A structural beam that supports the top end of the roof rafters at the ridge line and forms a triangular shape with out creating lateral thrust

Front 78

Ridge board

Back 78

A nonstructural board used to align and join roof planes