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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is conjugation?
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1)Direct transfer of DNA btw two bacteria
2)Conjugation pilus 3)Replication of DNA being transfered(Rolling Circle) 4)Generally btw "related species" and within family members. |
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Donor cell is the ??
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Male
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Recipient cell is the ??
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Female
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What is the Episome?
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It is the DNA transfered, it is like a large plamid.
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Where is the information for Pilus formation and DNA replication?
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On the plasmid.
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What are the gene functions carried on plasmids?
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1)Antibiotic resistance genes(called the 'R' plasmid)
2)virulence Genes(Virulence plasmids) 3)Antibacterial Genes-for competition(Colicins "Col Plasmids" |
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What is an Hfr cell?
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A cell in which the episome recombine into the chromosome.
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Can Hfr cells be donors?
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Yes
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What is a F' cell?
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A cell in which the chromosom was integrated into the episome. Also may function as donors.
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What is transformation?
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Uptake of naked DNA.
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What are two examples of species that are good at natural transformation?
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1)Neisseria gonorrhoae
2)Streotococcus sp. |
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What is competence?
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relative ability to take up DNA
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What does competence do?
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1)facilitate DNA uptake by converting DsDNA to ssDNA
2)manifest by proteins associated with the cell envelope(G+ wall G- inner membrane) 3)DNA is taken up generally as a ss molecle. 4)Once inside the host, the DNA can integrate into the genome. |
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Because this process occurs btw closely related species ___ ___ can occur.
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homologous recombination
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What is a artificial competence enhancement and what is it good for?
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Calcium Chloride. It is good for small plasmid transformation.
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What is transduction?
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1)Virus mediated DNA transfer
2)bacterial viruses(Bacteriophage) |
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Studying bacterial viruses allowed for what?
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Major contributions to be made in basic genetics and gene regulation.
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What are the two possiblitites that may result from infection?
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Lytic Cycle or the lysogenic cycle
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What is the lytic cycle?
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1)Viral DNA replication(host machinery)
2)Utilization of host protein synthesis machinery. 3)Packaging of viral nucelic acids into viral heads. 4)Final assembly. 5)Lysis and release from host. |
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What is the lysogenic cylce?
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1)Viral DNA intergrates into host DNA("ATT" sequences)
2)Viral DNA is copied along with host 3)Transferred to offspring with chromosome |
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What can trigger the lysogenic cyle to enter the lytic cycle?
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1)UV radiation
2)Chemical(DNA damaging agents) stress 3)heat |
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Occasionally host(bacterial) DNA that is degraded may ??
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get packaged into a viral head.
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Upon a second infection the first hosts DNA is transferred into the ??
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second host.
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Sometimes viruses integrate their DNA into ??
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host chromosome at specific sites
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Upon starting a lytic cycle viral DNA excision may accidentally take some ??
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host DNA with it. This host DNA and viral DNA may now be transferred to a second host.
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Why is the phage packaged with both viral and bacterial DNA called a speciallized transducing phage?
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Because only DNA sequences that flank the integrated viral DNA may be transferred to the new host.
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