Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
most common CHD
|
VSD (42%)
|
|
|
CHD occurs in ___ of live births
|
1%
|
|
|
Transcription factor Gene mutation that causes ASD & VSD (Holt-Oram syndrome: arm & hand defects)
|
TBX-5
|
|
|
Transcription factor Gene mutation that causes Isolated ASD defect in humans (“tinman gene” [no heart] when homozygous in fruit fly)
|
NKX2.5
|
|
|
Chromosome deletions cause outflow defects (e.g., Di George syndrome)
|
22q11.2
|
|
|
This grouping is described by primary left to right shunt. When pulmonary hypertension develops, the shunting of blood will reverse; i.e., a right to left shunt. Cyanosis will develop.
|
Acyanotic group
|
|
|
This grouping is described by permanent right to left shunt
|
Cyanotic group
|
|
|
Initial Left to Right Shunt (Acyanotic group) includes these 4 categories
|
Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus Atrioventricular septal defects |
|
|
most common type of VSD is
|
Membranous
|
|
|
90% of ASD’s are in the _______
|
osteum secundum
|
|
|
more than 1/3rd of those with complete atrioventricular canal defect have _______. AV can defect is surgically treatable.
|
down syndrome
|
|
|
Right to Left Shunt - Cyanotic - CHD includes
|
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great vessels Tricuspid atresia Total anomalous PV connection Truncus arteriosus |
|
|
tetrology of fallot includes:
|
Narrowed pulmonary artery
interventricular septal defect hypertrophied right ventricle dextroposed aorta overriding septal defect |
|
|
with TOF you probably see ______ of fingers
|
clubbing
|
|
|
examples of obstructive CHD
|
Coarctation of the aorta
Pulmonary stenosis or atresia Aortic stenosis or atresia Coronary artery origin from pulmonary artery |
|
|
Coarctation of the aorta in ________ presents cyonotic and the _________ remains patent
|
Infants
ductus arteriosus |
|
|
Coarctation of the aorta in ________ presents asymptomatic and the _________ is present
|
Adults
Ligamentous arteriosum |
|
|
Coarctation of the aorta often affects _______ more than _______ and those with ______ syndrome
|
Males > Females
Turner syndrome |
|
|
You will often see characteristic ________
between pre- and post coarctation segments |
collaterals
|
|
|
Clinical presentation of coarctation of the aorta
is with ______ of upper extremities, ________ of lower extremities, & cold legs and claudication (limping). |
hypertension
Weak pulses |
|
|
Aortic Stenosis includes these three types.
|
-valvular
-subvalvular -supravalvular |
|
|
Aortic Stenosis may be associated with dense, porcelain-like, ________ endocardial fibroelastosis
|
left ventricular
|
