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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The shunt that creates early cyanosis
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Right-to-left shunts
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The shunt that creates late cyanosis
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Left-to-right shunts
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Most common cause of early cyanosis
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Tetralogy of fallot
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Failure of truncus arteriosus to divide into pulmonary trunk and aorta is a condition known as
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Persistent truncus arteriosus
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Patients with tricuspid atresia need these 2 other defects to survive
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ASD and VSD
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Condition where pulmonary veins drain into right heart circulation (SVC, coronary sinus, etc.)
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TAPVR = Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
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Most common congenital cardiac anomaly
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VSD
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Compare the frequency of VSD, ASD and PDA
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VSD>ASD>PDA
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Describe the S1 and S2 of ASD
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Loud S1; wide, fixed split S2
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Early cyanosis is seen in these 5 conditions
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1.Tetralogy of Fallot
2.Transposition of great vessels 3.Truncus arteriosus 4.Tricuspid atresia 5.Total anomalous pulmonary venous return |
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Late cyanosis is seen in these 3 conditions
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VSD, ASD, and PDA
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The cyanosis created by right-to-left shunts
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Early cyanosis
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The cyanosis created by left-to-right shunts
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Late cyanosis
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The reversal from 'Left-to-right' shunt to 'right-to-left' shunt due to increased pulmonary resistance
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Eisenmenger's syndrome
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The 4 xteristics of Tetralogy of Fallot
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1.Pulmonary stenosis
2.Right ventricular hypertrophy 3.Overriding aorta(overrides the VSD) 4.VSD |
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The most important determinant for prognosis in Tetralogy of Fallot
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Pulmonary stenosis
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Boot-shaped heart
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Tetralogy of fallot
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The boot-shaped heart in tetralogy of fallot is due to
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Right ventricular hypertrophy
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Why the right to left shunt in tetralogy of fallot
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The increased pressure caused by the stenotic pulmonic valve causes the right-to-left shunt across the VSD
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In which condition do patients suffer cyanotic spells
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Tetralogy of fallot
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What is the cause of tetralogy of fallot
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Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum
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What do patients of tetralogy of fallot do to improve symptoms
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They learn to squat to improve symptom
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How does squatting improve symptoms in tetralogy of fallot
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Squatting compresses the femoral arteries increasing TPR, thereby decreasing the right-to-left shunt and directing more blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
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Anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum will cause
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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When is transposition of great vessels compatible with life
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When there is VSD, PDA or patent foramen ovale
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Why does transposition of great vessels occur
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Due to failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
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Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral will cause
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Transposition of the great vessels
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Patency of the ductus arteriosus is maintained by these 2
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PGE synthesis and low O2 tension
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Late cyanosis in the lower extremities
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PDA
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The congenital cardiac defect associated with infants of diabetic mothers
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Transposition of great vessels
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Heart defects associated with Marfan's syndrome
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Aortic insufficiency
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Heart defects in congenital rubella
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septal defects, PDA, pulmonary artery stenosis
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Heart defects in 22q11 syndromes (e.g DiGeorge's)
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Truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of fallot
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Heart defects in Down syndrome
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ASD, VSD, AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defects)
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Truncus arteriosus and tetralogy of fallot are associated with this disorder
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22q11 syndromes like DiGeorge
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ASD, VSD, AV septal defect (endocardial cushion defect) are associated with
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Down syndrome
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Septal defects, PDA and pulmonary stenosis are associated with
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Congenital rubella
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Aortic insufficiency as a late complication is associated with
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Marfan's syndrome
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Transposition of great vessels is associated with
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Infants of diabetic mothers
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