Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
2 Main categories of Etiologies of Congenital Heart Disease?
|
Multifactorial
Chromosomal |
|
|
Some common factors contributing multifactorial etiology?
|
Maternal Rubella 35%
Booze 25% Diabetes 5% |
|
|
Typical Chromosomal Abnormalities leading to CHD?
|
Trisomy 21, 18, 13
Turners |
|
|
Typical CHD in Turner's?
|
Coarctation
|
|
|
CHD's associated w/ Rubella and Booze?
|
PDA
ASD VSD |
|
|
CHD's associated w/ Maternal Diabetes?
|
TGA
VSD CA |
|
|
CHD's ass w/ Trisomy 21, 18, 13?
|
VSD
ASD AVSD |
|
|
Cyanotic vs Acyanotic shunts?
|
Cyanotic = Right to Left
Acyantoic = Left to Right |
|
|
Types of Acyanotic CHD's from most prevalent to least?
|
VSD 31%
ASD 10% PDA 10% Endocardial Cushion Defect 4% |
|
|
So who is the most common congenital heart anomaly?
|
VSD!
|
|
|
When is VSD the most common defect?
|
Trisomy 21, 18, 13
|
|
|
%'s of VSD's that are membranous vs muscular?
|
80% Membranous
20% Muscular |
|
|
What percent of VSD's are small and functionally close?
|
60%
|
|
|
What is one possible outcome of a VSD w/ Pulmonary HTN?
|
Reversal of Shunt secondary to Pulm HTN w/ corresponding Pulmonary Artery stenosis => Tardive (late) Cyanosis
|
|
|
Route of Surgical Repair of a VSD?
|
Through RA-->Tricuspid Valve-->insert Patch
|
|
|
Types and Prevalence of ASD's?
|
Secundum (high defect) 75%
Primum (low defect) 25%? |
|
|
Gender and ASD's?
|
2F : 1M
|
|
|
3 things screwed up in a AVSD?
|
1. Inferior portion of Atrial Septum is deficient (primum)
2. Common AV valve (mix of TV and MV) 3. Def superior VS (membranous VSD) |
|
|
Gender and PDA?
|
70% in females
|
|
|
Who are the Acyanotic Obstructive Congenital Heart Anomalies?
|
Pulmonic Stenosis 7%
Coarctation of Aorta 7% Aortic Stenosis 6% |
|
|
% of CA's that occur as single anomaly?
|
50%
|
|
|
CNS association w/ CA?
|
Saccular Aneurysms in CNS
|
|
|
Where is the majority of CA located? in men? in infants?
|
Majority is postductal (adult)
75% of men's is postductal Infants get it preductal between Left Subclavian and Ductus |
|
|
Who are the cyanotic CHD's and frequency?
|
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome 5%
Transposition of Great Arteries 4% Tetralogy of Fallot 6% (most common) |
|
|
Why is Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome cyanotic?
|
Left Side sucks, which restricts outflow of oxygenated blood
|
|
|
What is the Tetralogy?
|
1. VSD (membranous)
2. PS (valvular or infravalvular) 3. Overriding Aorta 4. RV Hypertrophy (acquired=>boot shaped) |
|
|
Survival from TGA requires?
|
ASD!
VSD PDA |
|
|
Gender and TGA
|
More common in males
|
|
|
TGA Palliation?
|
Rashkind Septostomy to create ASD
|
|
|
Anatomy of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome?
|
Aortic and/or Mitral Stenosis or Atresia
Rudimentary LV Hypoplasia of Asc Aorta |
|
|
what is the most common cause of heart failure in the first week of life?
|
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
|
|
|
Anatomy of Endocardial Fibroelastosis?
|
Marked thickening of endocardium of LV
May involve RV |
|
|
Etiology of Endocardial Fibroelastosis?
|
Unknown
maybe Intrauterine Viral Infection |
|
|
what is VACTERL?
|
Vertebral Defects
Anal Atresia Cardiac Anomalies Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula Esophageal Atresia Renal Anomalies Limb |
|
|
% of Down's who have Cardiac Anomalies?
|
40%
|
|
|
Name for Trisomy 18 and 13?
|
18 is Edward Syndrome
13 is Patau |
|
|
%'s of Edwards and Patau that have Cardiac anomalies?
|
T18 - 90%
T13 - 80% |
|
|
Kicker Sign of Fibrinous Pericarditis?
|
Friction Rub
|
|
|
If the Posterior IVS is infarcted, what vessel was occluded?
|
Probably Right Main Coronary
|
|
|
kicker of gross morphology of syphilis aneurysm?
|
Tree Bark Intima of thoracic aorta
|
|
|
What happens to the heart w/ chronic HTN?
|
it hypertrophies
|
|
|
How does the heart hypertrophy in response to HTN?
|
CONCENTRICALLY
|
