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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cerebral Palsy |
A nonprogressive condition of the CNS occurring before, during, or shortly after birth that interferes with the development of the immature brain and results in a loss or impairment in motor function |
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Hydrocephalus |
An abnormal increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that results in an increase in intracranial pressure and enlargement of the ventricles
"Water on the brain" |
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Spina Bifida |
Developmental disorder characterized by an incomplete closure of the neural tube and/or vertebral arches
This defect of the vertebral arches of the spinal column is present at birth |
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome |
A condition that causes growth, mental, and physical problems that results from alcohol exposure during a mother's pregnancy |
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When can Cerebral Palsy happen? |
Prenatally, perinatally, postnatally |
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What is the most common perinatal event leading to CP? |
Asphyxia |
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Majority of CP cases occur when? |
Prenatally |
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What are the three types of classification used for CP? |
1. Severity of motor deficit 2. Number of extremities and which extremities are involved 3. Types of motor control problems |
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CP: Severity of motor deficit can be classified into these 3 categories |
Mild, moderate, or severe |
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CP: monoplegia |
One extremity |
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CP: hemiplegia |
One side of the body |
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CP: paraplegia |
Lower extremities only |
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CP: quadriplegia |
All four extremities and trunk |
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CP: diplegia |
Lower extremities more involved than upper extremities |
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CP: name the 4 types of motor control problem classifications |
Spastic Diskinetic Ataxic Mixed |
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Spastic CP |
Involves increased muscle tone
Site of lesion: motor cortex |
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Diskinetic CP includes: |
Athetosis, chorea, and dystonia |
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Athetosis |
Slow writhing movements |
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Chorea |
Rapid, irregular involuntary movements |
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Dystonia |
Repetitive pattern, twisting, sustained type movements |
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Diskinetic CP |
Involves involuntary movement
Siste of lesion: Basal ganglia |
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Ataxic CP |
Involves coordinated movement (balance/coordination)
Site of lesion: cerebellum |
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Mixed CP |
Impairments fall into more than one category
Most common mixed: some limbs affected by spasticity and some limbs affected by athetosis |
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Communicating hydrocephalus |
CSF flows freely
There is a defect in: -Absorption of CSF by arachnoid villi -Over production of fluid by choroid plexus |
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Non-communicating hydrocephalus |
Obstruction of passageway
Obstruction can be at -Cerebral aqueduct -Atresia (closure) of the 4th ventricle |
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Medical management for hydrocephalus |
Shunts
Excision or cauterization of choroid plexus |
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Types of shunts for hydrocephalus |
Ventriculoclavical shunt Ventriculoatrial shunt Ventricular peritoneal shunt (most common) |
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The common location for Spina Bifida |
Lumbar sacral region |
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Different types of Spina Bifida |
Spina Bifida Occulta Meningocele Myelomeningocele
Encephalocele Syringomyelocele
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Spina Bifida Occulta |
Mildest type
Defect in vertebral arches only |
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Meningocele |
Sac of menages protrudes through the bony opening
Spinal cord is not in this sac
Little or no nerve damage |
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Myelomeningocele |
Most serious type
Spinal cord and meninges protrude in the sac through the bony opening
Part of the spinal cord and nerves are damaged
Paralysis and sensory loss below lesion |
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Encephalocele |
Less common type of spina bifida
Protrusion of the brain due to defect in the occipital areas of the skull |
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Syringomyelocele |
Less common type of spina bifida
Closed but dilated central canal of the spinal cord |
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Characteristic facia features of fetal alcohol syndrome |
Narrow, small eyes with large epicanthal folds Small head Small upper jaw Smooth groove in upper lip Smooth and thin upper lip |
