Concepts Test One

Front 1

Major roles in bringing about changes in nursing

Back 1

Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole

Front 2

1751

Back 2

Penn Hospital/ first in America

Front 3

1851

Back 3

Florence Nightingale attends Kaisersvwerth to train as a nurse

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1872

Back 4

another school of nursing opens in U.S., the new england hospital for women and children

Front 5

1879

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Mary Mahoney, first trained African-American nurse

Front 6

1882

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American Red cross established by Clara Barton

Front 7

1893

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Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster establish Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service in New York.

Front 8

1902

Back 8

School nursing is established by Linda Rogers in New York, NY

Front 9

1925

Back 9

Mary Breckenridge/the frontier nursing service

Front 10

1935

Back 10

The social security act is passed

Front 11

1943

Back 11

An ammemdment to the nurse training bill is passed that bars racial bias

Front 12

1967

Back 12

warren hatcher/ first black male nurse to earn a doctoral degree

Front 13

1975

Back 13

publishes "Patient's Bill of Rights"

Front 14

1982

Back 14

nurse licensure examination changes to a comprehensive test developed by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing.

Front 15

2002

Back 15

address the shortage of nurses, adopts the Nurse Reinvestment Act; Pres. George W. Bush

Front 16

2003

Back 16

medicare prescribtion drug bill

Front 17

2004

Back 17

National council of state boards of nursing raises the passing standard NCLEX-RN

Front 18

Prehistoric period

Back 18

health practices were guided by beliefs of magic, religion, and superstition.

Front 19

Egypt

Back 19

sutures in repairing wounds,
pharmacopia w/700 drugs,
midwives

Front 20

Palestine

Back 20

Hebrew priest took the role of health inspectors,
Mosaic code/organized methods of disease control

Front 21

Greece

Back 21

Hipprocrates/father of medicine,
scientific methods to solve probs.

Front 22

India

Back 22

sacred book of Brahmanism, vedas,guide to health care practice.
major and minor surgeries.
public hospitals staffed by male nurses. older women allowed to assume nursing roles.

Front 23

China

Back 23

confusius taught moral philosophy.
ying and yang/ yin-fem/neg /yan-male/pos.
acupunture. drugs/ephedrine

Front 24

Rome

Back 24

adapted medical practices from the countries they conquered. males and females cared for the sick.
Greek physician expanded knowledge in anatomy, physiology, pathology

Front 25

Middle ages

Back 25

barbers performed medical treatments that were considered bloody.
Monks and christian knights provided nursing care and defended hospital during wars wearing armor.

Front 26

Renaissance

Back 26

religious facilities that provided healthcare closed. female prisoners, prostitutes, and drunks did the healthcare. Dark Ages
Sister of charity, gave time, money, and service to the poor and sick

Front 27

Colonial Period

Back 27

first hospital and first medical school founded in Mexico.
Procedures/purgatives and bleeding.
Benjamin Franklin/the penn hospital built in the U.S. 1751

Front 28

Florence Nightingale

Back 28

(1820-1910) born in Italy
wealthy, well traveled, and educated. 1851 allowed to train as nurse in Germany. 1854 trained nurses in london

Front 29

Nightingale/ school

Back 29

attended a 3 month program at Deaconesses at Kaiserswerth, Germany

established the first nursing school in England

Front 30

Nightingale/ Crimean War

Back 30

turning point in her career. Assembled 38 nurses. Worked long hours to care for the soldiers.

Front 31

Nightingale/ documented

Back 31

credited with using public health principles and stats to advocate for improved health conditions. 42% to 2% death rate decrease.

Front 32

Nightingale/ one of her greatest achievements

Back 32

overthrow the British management method that allowed deplorable conditions for soldiers.

Front 33

Florence Nightingale/ Honored

Back 33

death in Aug 1910 is honored as the founder of professional nursing

Front 34

Mary Seacole

Back 34

Jamaican Nurse
Nickname "Doctress"
requested to join Nightingale's group of nurses and was turned down because she was black.

Front 35

Seacole/supplies

Back 35

purchased her own supplies and opened a lodging house.

Front 36

Seacole/war effort

Back 36

remained faithful throught the Crimean War. long after war was honored w/medal in recognition of her efforts.

Front 37

Civil war period/ In the U.S.

Back 37

(1861-1865) men and women volunteered. hospitals set up in the field.
Dorothea Lynde Dix appointed to set up military hospitals and med. supplies to soldiers. No salary or status

Front 38

Civil war period/ U.S. african american nurses

Back 38

181 african american nurses.
3 made particular important contributions.
Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, and Susie King Taylor.

Front 39

Civil War/ Clara Barton

Back 39

served in the front line. credited with founding the Americand Red Cross

Front 40

First Nursing Textbook

Back 40

A Manuel of Nursing 1876

Front 41

1890's

Back 41

establishment of african american hospitals gained momentum

Front 42

African Americans/Civil War

Back 42

established their own healtcare and nursing profession

Front 43

1900's

Back 43

required nurses become registered before entering practice.

Front 44

Lillian Wald/1900's public health

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pioneer in public health nurses. Henry Street Settlement House.
Occupational health/disease among workers.

Front 45

Lillian Wald/1900's fees

Back 45

billed according to their income "sliding scale fee"

Front 46

WWI 1920's

Back 46

1922 Insulin discovered
1928 Alexander Fleming Pencillin precusor

Front 47

WWII Clara Barton

Back 47

American Red Cross assisted in efforts to cont. public health in rural areas and moved into urban areas.

Front 48

WWII 1921

Back 48

Sheppard Towner Act/government provides funds to assist in care of special populations. care for Women, infants, and children.

Front 49

WWII 1925

Back 49

Frontier Nursing Services
Mary Breckenridge. Kentucky

Front 50

Great Depression (1930-1940)

Back 50

nurses unemployed because people could not afford.

Front 51

1935 (Great Depression)

Back 51

social security act
public health nursing major source of health care.
Hospital job opportunities

Front 52

WWII (1940-1945)

Back 52

unemployment rate dropped.

Front 53

1965

Back 53

medicaid acts

Front 54

Social Security Act

Back 54

main purpose to provide;
old age insurance sytem, federals grants for women and child welfare, vocational rehab. handicapped, medical care for crippled children and blind, strengthen public health, federal state unemployment.

Front 55

WWII(1940-1945)

Back 55

government provides funds to expand nursing education.
nurses attained the ranks of officers in army and navy.

Front 56

Colonely Julie O. Flikke

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first army nurse to be promoted to colonel in the U.S. Army

Front 57

post WWII (1945-1950)

Back 57

unemployed rate dropped.
women encouraged to return home.
two decades after WWII saw the emergence

Front 58

post WWII (1945-1950)
1943

Back 58

Nurse Training Act
support nurse training

Front 59

post WWII (1945-1950)
1946

Back 59

Hill-Burton Act
or Hospital Survey and Construction Act
largest commitment of federal dollars to health care in history.

Front 60

Hill Burton Act

Back 60

funding to construct hospitals and to assist states in planning for other health care facilities based on needs.

Front 61

Hill Burton Act/ nurses

Back 61

led to an increased demand for professional nurses to provide cqare in hospitals.

Front 62

1960's

Back 62

1963 Community Mental health centers act/funds for community outpatient mental health centers

Front 63

1965

Back 63

Medicare and Medicaid Acts
Medicaid quickly became the largest public asssistance program in the nation.

Front 64

1945

Back 64

nursing education was established by the National Nursing Accrediting service. Test Pool 25 states adopted in 1945. all state boards in 1950 used Test Pool

Front 65

1960's Medicaid

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health departments employed public health nurses. family planning, well child, immunizations, prenatal care.

Front 66

Medicare 1965

Back 66

provided hospital ins. for age 65 or older, disabled.
medicare reimbursement increased numbers of nurses.

Front 67

Medicare reimbursement

Back 67

home health movement. home bond status, skilled nursing care, medically and necessary treatment.

Front 68

1970's

Back 68

nurses focus providing care to pts. but also enhancing benifits of profession.
providing health care to communities and were instrumented in developing hospice, birthing, day care for elderly.

Front 69

1974

Back 69

National Institute of Mental Health project to permit minority nurses- earn PhD's.

Front 70

1980's

Back 70

homelessness became a common problem in large cities.
AIDS
reimbursement in DRG system

Front 71

1980's physician

Back 71

specializations in nephrology, cardiology, endocrinology, orthopedics, neurosurgery, cardiovascular surgery, and advanced practices.
outpatient surgery services services blossomed.

Front 72

1990's

Back 72

nurses selected jobs in which they could work hours in fewer days for more money.

Front 73

1990's Healthy People

Back 73

1991 healthy people 2000 initiative
effort to help states, cities, and communties identify health promotion and disease prevention strategies

Front 74

Twenty-First Century

Back 74

nursing shortage. nurses identified areas of concern, including insufficient staffing, inadequate salaries, effects of stress and overwork, lack of participation in decision-making, and dissatisfaction with the quality of their own nursing care.

Front 75

nursing shortage

Back 75

changing duties, responsibilities. public concerns over pt safety and quality of care characterize present-day practice.

Front 76

1990's

Back 76

massive downsizing of hospital nursing staff occurred, increased use of unlicensed assistive personnel to provide care in hospitals.

Front 77

Twenty First century

Back 77

nurse reinvestment act/ provide funds for nursing education, recruitment, and retention programs. George Bush signed for Bill into law Aug 2002