Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The explanation of what is life
|
uses external energy to grow and repair itself, responds to external stimuli, capable of reproduction. are exceptions
|
|
complexity
|
number of different parts organized in a whole
|
|
The explanation of what is life
|
uses external energy to grow and repair itself, responds to external stimuli, capable of reproduction. are exceptions
|
|
order of complexity
|
ranking or hierarchy of complext things in order of the number of separate parts they have
|
|
complexity
|
number of different parts organized in a whole
|
|
complex ecosystems
|
living systems of matter recycling and energy flowing through
|
|
order of complexity
|
ranking or hierarchy of complext things in order of the number of separate parts they have
|
|
chemical reactions within constituent
|
specific chemical reactions characterize specific life forms but there are many chemical reactions common to almost all life
|
|
complex ecosystems
|
living systems of matter recycling and energy flowing through
|
|
life requires water
|
water is the essential medium of all cells due to its great ability as a solvent
|
|
chemical reactions within constituent
|
specific chemical reactions characterize specific life forms but there are many chemical reactions common to almost all life
|
|
growth and devlopment
|
organism change in form and function at progressive stages in their lives
|
|
life requires water
|
water is the essential medium of all cells due to its great ability as a solvent
|
|
regulation
|
regulation of energy use and response to enviromental stimuli
|
|
growth and devlopment
|
organism change in form and function at progressive stages in their lives
|
|
DNA
|
a shared genetic code that is passed down from parent to offspring. DNA is inherited; it controls the chemical reactions in cells that are specific to each species.
|
|
regulation
|
regulation of energy use and response to enviromental stimuli
|
|
relation to a common ancestor
|
all life on earth has a common ancestor from which all the DNA genetic code of life originated
|
|
DNA
|
a shared genetic code that is passed down from parent to offspring. DNA is inherited; it controls the chemical reactions in cells that are specific to each species.
|
|
taxonomy
|
the science of catologing living thins, describing them, and giving them names; helps us fit known and newly found organisms into a framework of classification
|
|
relation to a common ancestor
|
all life on earth has a common ancestor from which all the DNA genetic code of life originated
|
|
aristotle
|
philosopher; first known person to work in and write about taxonomy.
|
|
taxonomy
|
the science of catologing living thins, describing them, and giving them names; helps us fit known and newly found organisms into a framework of classification
|
|
Linneas
|
naturalist who was known for keen powers of observation about shared and non shared characteristics of various organisms; original author of linnean classification of shared characteristics.
|
|
aristotle
|
philosopher; first known person to work in and write about taxonomy.
|
|
Linneaus
|
naturalist who was known for keen powers of observation about shared and non shared characteristics of various organisms; original author of linnean classification of shared characteristics.
|
|
Linnean hierarchy
|
Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species
|
|
Species
|
basic unit of Linnean classification; a group of closely related organisms that can interbreed an produce viable offspring
|
|
binomial nomenclature
|
use of italicized genus and species names (genus is capitalized, species is not)
|
|
Monera
|
Kingdom of microscopic, single-celled organisms w/o a cell nucleus (most primitive living things)
|
|
Protista
|
Kingdom of microscopic, mainly single-celled organisms with a cell nucleus
|
|
Fungi
|
Kingdom of mulicellular organisms that get their energy and nutrients by absorbing material from the environment
|
|
Plantae
|
Kingdom of multicellular organisms that get their energy directly from the SUn via photosynthesis
|
|
Anamalia
|
Kingdom of multicellular organisms that get their energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms
|
|
Proposed New Three-Kingdoms
|
1. Archaea - newly discovered, single-celled organisms form extreme environments
2. Bacteria - single-celled organisms with no cell nuclei 3. Eucarya - all other life, single- and multi-celled that have cell nuclei |
|
How many species are on Earth
|
Known and named: 1,413,000
Estimated: 3-30 million |
|
Life strategies of single-celled organisms
|
1. Maintain and regulate hundreds of chemical reactions and processes that go on constantly w/in the cell
2. Through cell walls, absorb from its environment all matter and energy needed for survival |
|
Autotrophs
|
more complex single cells that manufacture essential materials from water, carbon dioxide and ammonia, thus keeping itself alive
|
|
Heterotrophs
|
simple single cells that must consume a variety of molecules including amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrated
|
|
multicellular life
|
organizations of cells working together; this is the orgin of organs and organ systems in very complex multicellular organisms (specification of cells)
|
|
life strategy of fungi
|
multicellular strategy: send out the filaments
reproductive straegy: filaments can break off and grow, can produce spores |
|
filaments
|
long linear chains of cells that bring nutrients into organism; end of filament absorbs the food directly
|
|
Life strategies of plants
|
they take energy from the Sun and lock it up in the form of chemical energy in their tissues and cells
|
|
Algae
|
single and multiple celled plants that carry out 50 to 90% of Earth's photosynthetic activity
|
|
Blue-green algae
|
cyannobacteria classified as Monera
|
|
Green algae
|
single and multicelled organisms, plus some multicelled plants; singlecelled classififed as Protista
|
|
Red algae
|
single and multi-celled organisms that grow upon other organisms (like corals); single-celled classified as Protista
|
|
Brown algae
|
multicellular plants like seaweeds and kelp
|
|
Types of plants
|
1) simple plants - Phylum Bryophyta
2) complex (vascular) plants |
|
Bryophytes
|
- no roots
- absorb water directly w/ above ground structures - grow in moist areas - reproduce sexually & asexually (spores) |
|
Complex (vascular) plants
|
- Have internal plumbing system ot move water (roots, stems and leaves)
- Have was of controlling water loss and protecting reproductive cells - Have internal structure to allow plant to grow upright |
|
Ferns
|
vascular plants requiring water to bring reproductive cells together to form spore-like bodies
|
|
Gymnosperms
|
plants that produce seeds w/o flowers; produce pollen (conifers, evergreens)
|
|
Seed
|
a reproductive body containing a fertilized plant egg cell wrapped in a nutritional layer and havign a protective coating
|
|
Pollen
|
male reproductive cells cast out by plants, some of which land on conifer cones containing female cells
|
|
Angiosperms
|
plants that produce seeds and flowers
|
|
Flowers
|
sites for reproductive cells to join, which are attractive to flying insects; fruit or seeds develop from the fertilized flower
|
|
Life Strategies of Animals
|
- Most consume molecules produced by other life forms
- Reproduce sexually - Lungs or gills to extract oxygen fomr air (exhale carbon-dioxide) |
|
Invertebrates
|
- animal plankton (small multi-celled aquatic life of lakes and oceans)
- annelids (worms) - mollusks (clams, snails) - sponges - corals - jellyfish - arthropods (spiders, insects) |
|
Phylum Arthropoda
|
the most successful phylum in the animal kingdom by number of species, diversity and biomass
|
|
Class Arachnida (spiders)
|
a diverse group with 8 legs and 3 body segments
|
|
Class Insecta (insects)
|
the largest and most diverse class of arthropods; comprises 70% of all known animal species; 6 legs and 3 body segments
- Hard exoskeletons - Unique sensory organs (antennae) - Hemacoele - Trachea |
|
Class Crustacea
|
have exoskeletons, segmented bodies, and jointed limbs; a circulatory system, muscles and an advanced nervous system
(crabs, shrimp, lobsters, crawfish, etc) |
|
Vertebrates
|
- have spinal cords encased by a hollow backbone
- show transition from water to land - reproductive cells join in water to form eggs |
|
jawless fish (lampreys)
|
water moves through the body to filter nutrients; gills extract oxygen from the water
|
|
jawed fish (sharks, ray, bony fish)
|
catch prey with jaws and eat it; gills obtain oxygen from water
|
|
boney fish
|
salmon, prech, trout, lungfish
-can breath with lungs in air as well as with gills in water; can live out of water briefly |
|
amphibians
|
land-living vertebrates spend part of their life cycle in water and part on land; require water to reproduce
(frogs, toads, salamanders) |
|
characteristics of amphibians
|
- 3 chambered heart(blood to lungs, back to heart and then to body)
- well developed circulatory system - lungs collect oxygen as well as through skin |
|
characteristics of reptiles
|
- covered in hard scales
- eggs fertilize w/in female body - 3 chambered heart - cold blooded (recieves heat energy through skin to maintain body temp) |
|
characteristics of birds
|
- feathers (maintain body heat)
- ability of flight - divided heart (one side sends blood to lungs; other to body) - warm blooded |
|
characteristics of mammals
|
- burn food to maintain body temp
- fertilize egg grows inside female - hair (temp reg) - teeth enamel - legs under body - larger brain size - land dwelling - dominant predator/carnivore of terrestrial food chain |