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125 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kingdom
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the broadest category in Linnaeus’ classification system
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Genes
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in Canis familiaris, Canis is the _____ of a dog
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Living
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a dead leaf is
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Non Living
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a rock is
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Species
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organisms in this group are so much alike that they can mate and produce fertile offspring
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Problem
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How bees smell has interested scientists for many years, is an example of a(n) _____ statement
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Hypothesis
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If we overuse antibiotics, then we run the risk of bacteria becoming resistant
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Prokaryote
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Bacteria fall into this category
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Qualitative data
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the H2O2 bubbled after the potato was added to the test tube
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Quantitative data
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the male bird attacked the colored model ten times and the plain model six times
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Atoms
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the fundamental unit of matter
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Compounds
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substance consisting of 2 or more elements combined
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Hydrogen Bond
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this is the bond connecting the nitrogenous bases together in a molecule of DNA
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Covalent Bond
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bond formed by sharing electrons
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Peptide Bond
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type of bond which holds two amino acids together
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Covalent Bond
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strongest type of chemical bond
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Ion
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an atom which has gained or lost electrons
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Two
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magnesium has atomic number 12, it has ___ electrons in its outer shell
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Protons
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these are positively charged particles found in the nucleus
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Eight
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an inert gas, other than helium, would have ____ electrons in its outer shell
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Protons
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the atomic number refers to the number of these in an atom
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Neutrons
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these noncharged particles in the nucleus add to an atom’s atomic mass
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Electrons
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the number of these in the outer shell determines an atom’s bonding properties
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Carbs
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monosaccharides are the monomers of these
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Lipids
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these compose the oily bilayer in cell membranes
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Animal
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type of cell that contains centrioles to assist in cell division
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Carbohydrates
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hydrogen and oxygen are in a 2:1 ratio in these molecules
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Proteins
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intense heat causes these to denature
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Plant Cells
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these cells contain chloroplasts which allow them to utilize radiant energy for food production
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Proteins
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DNA controls the synthesis of these molecules in order to control cell actions
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Aerobic Respiration
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occurs in the mitochondria
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Anerobic Respiration
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bakers make use of this process
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ATP
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primary energy-carrier in the cell
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ADP
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would be found in areas of the cell where energy is being released so that it can add a phosphate
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Aerobic Respiration
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Krebs cycle is one step in this process
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Anerobic Respiration
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single-celled decomposers would use this process
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Aerobic Respiration
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this process makes use of oxygen
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Mitochondria
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contains cristae and the matrix
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Centeral Vacuole
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extremely large in plant cells
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Plasma Membrane
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40. visualize this as a fluid mosaic
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Golgi Apparatus
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final processing of enzymes occurs here
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Rough ER
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assembled proteins collect in the lumen of this structure
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Chloroplasts
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thylakoid membranes compose part of this structure
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Lysosomes
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contains enzymes that can actually digest the cell
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Nucleus
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hereditary material is stored here
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Cytoplasm
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gelatin-like semisolid material
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cellwall
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rigid structure composed of cellulose
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nucles
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transcription occurs here
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diffusion
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explains movement of oxygen into lungs from outside air
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osmosis
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specifically refers to the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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Active Transport
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molecules moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration; energy required
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Fasiliated Transport
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transport molecules help move materials across membranes; no energy required by the cell
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Hypertonic
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salt solution is an example
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Base
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substance with a pH above 7
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Hypotonic
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causes a red blood cell to swell and burst
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Acidic
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a solution with excess H+
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Isotonic
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the net size of a cell will be unchanged when placed in this type of solution
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Enzyme
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this is an organic catalyst
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Active Site
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a substrate binds here
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Catalyst
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an inorganic molecule that speeds up chemical reactions
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Substrate
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the substance that an enzyme acts upon
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Light Dependent
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chlorophyll is used
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Light Independent
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CO2 is used to form carbohydrates
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Light Dependent
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light energy splits the water molecule
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Light Dependent
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ATP energy is generated
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Light Dependent
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O2 gas is released
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Metaphase
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chromatids line up at center of the cell
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S-Phase
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DNA material is replicated
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Prophase
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spindle fibers first appear
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Cytokenisis
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cell plate assists this process in plant cells
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Darwin
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theory of evolution through natural selection
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Mendle
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developed laws of heredity
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Lenais
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developed system for binomial nomenclature
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Watson & Kreck
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proposed the model for the structure of DNA molecule
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Mitosis
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nuclear division resulting in the production of diploid cells
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Crossing over
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exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids
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Cynapsis
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occurs when homologous chromosomes line up side by side
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Homologus
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these are chromosomes that look alike in size and shape; carry genes for the same trait
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Miosis
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nuclear division resulting in the production of four monoploid cells
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Fertilization
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union of gametes
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Carytope
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chromosome picture
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Genotype
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refers to the gene make-up of an organism
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Delete
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alternate forms of a gene
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Herterozygous
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when an organism has two different alleles at a gene locus it is said to be
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Phenotype
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outward appearance of an organism
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Down Syndrome
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extra chromosome at spot 21
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Turners
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XO
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Krie Due Schet
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one member of chromosome pair number 5 is missing a section
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Klynfentors Syndrome
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XXY, who is this guy
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Nondisjunction
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the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate at meiosis
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Translation
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tRNA molecules are used in this process
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DNA
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contains deoxyribose sugar
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Transcription
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mRNA is produced
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Replication
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two exact DNA molecules are produced
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MrNa
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this molecule contains the genetic code
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PCR
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a means of amplifying DNA
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gel electrophelises
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method of separating large molecules by based on size and electrical charge
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Genetic engineering
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manipulating DNA to suit human needs
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DNA fingerprinting
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can be used to determine paternity
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deletion
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occurs when a DNA nuleotide is lost
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Grassland
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mild temperature, low to moderate precipitation level, shrubs and nonwoody plants
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Mutualism
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algae and fungi live together as lichens and both benefit
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Paratism
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tapeworms survive at the expense of their host
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desidious forest
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broad-leafed trees, four seasons, chipmunks, squirrels
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Tundra
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permafrost, lichens, musk oxen
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Mechanical Isolation
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physical structures prevent mating
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Geographical Isolation
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physical barriers separate two populations
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Behavioral Isolation
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courtship rituals prevent interbreeding
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Temperal Isolation
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two populations reproduce at different times of the year
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Global Warming
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increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere caused by increased burning of fossil fuels
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Carbon/Oxygen Cycle
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includes respiration and photosynthesis as complementary processes
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Phosphorus
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this is a sedimentary cycle
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Food Chain
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simple feeding relationships in an ecosystem
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Nitrogen Cycle
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requires bacterial assistance
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Food Web
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these consist of overlapping food chains
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Carrying Capacity
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the total number of individuals of the same species that the environment can support
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J
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human population growth rate has this shape
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Population
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a group of organisms of the same species, in the same place at the same time
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Density independent Factor
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fire is a ________ factor
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Density dependent Factor
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food shortage is an example of a ______ factor
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evolution
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species have changed over time
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natural Selection
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peppered moth gives an example of this process
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Variation
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some giraffes were born with longer necks
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Survival of the fittest
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differential reproduction
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evolution
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fossil record gives evidence for this process
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