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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allele
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One of two or more molecular forms of a gene that arise by mutation and specify slightly different versions of the same trait.
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Gene
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Unit of information for a heritable trait in DNA, passed from parents to offspring
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Hybrid
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Individual having a nonidentical pair of alleles for a trait being studied.
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Dominant
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Having a pair of dominant alleles at a gene locus
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Recessive
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Having a pair of recessive alleles at a gene locus.
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Homozygous
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having two identical alleles at a locus
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Heterozygous
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For a specified trait, having two different alleles at a locus.
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Genotype
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particular genes an individual carries (AA, Aa, aa)
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Phenotype
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an individual’s observable traits (red, pink, white)
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Monohybrid
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Intercross between two individuals, each heterozygous for one gene (e.g., Aa).
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Dihybrid cross
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Intercross between two individuals, each heterozygous for two genes (e.g., AaBb).
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Punnett square
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Construction of a simple diagram to predict the probable outcomes of a genetic cross.
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Test cross
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Experimental cross to determine whether an individual of unknown genotype that shows dominance for a trait is either homozygous dominant or heterozygous
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Independent assortment
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In meiosis, each homologous chromosome and its partner are assorted into different gametes independently of other pairs.
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segregation
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Diploid cells have pairs of alleles
The two alleles are separated during meiosis They end up in different gametes “For a given trait, alleles separate” |
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Continuous variation
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A more or less continuous range of small differences in a given trait among individuals
The greater the number of genes and environmental factors that affect a trait, the more continuous the variation in versions of that trait |
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G x E interactions
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Environmental conditions affect the expression of genes
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